THE NORTH TEMPERATE ZONE 101 



covers large areas, in an open formation, associated with scrub- 

 oaks of several species together with such shrubs, as huckle- 

 berries, Andromeda, Azalea, Leucothoe, bear-berry and trailing 

 arbutus, all members of the heath family, as well as many other-, 

 among them the sweet fern (Comptonia) and many herbaceous 

 plant-, some of which are almost entirely confined to it. 



Cedar swamps in which southern white cedar (Chamaeeyparis 

 ihuyoieles) is predominant, are a common feature of the region, 

 and harbor many rare and interesting plants. Of the small tr- 

 and shrubs may be mentioned red maple, Magnolia glauca, Aza- 

 lea viscosa, black alder (Ilex vertieillata) and the fragrant white 

 alder (Clethra aim folia). 



The rare fern Schizaea pusilla, occurs in this region, and cran- 

 berries, sundews and pitcher plants abound in the bogs, as well 

 as the royal fern (Osmunda regalis) and cinnamon fern (0. cin- 

 namomea). 



The whole coast south of Xew Jersey is destitute of rocky for- 

 mations, and the conditions are much less favorable to the growth 

 of algae than along the rocky Xew England shore. The water 

 is much warmer, and the algae are often of tropical or sub-tropical 

 types, e. g., Dictyota, Padina, Sargassum, etc. Marshes abound 

 along the tidal rivers, with a mixture of fresh and salt water types 

 of vegetation. 



From Virginia southward, the northern pitch pine is replaced 

 by other species, Pinus taeda being the common species in Vir- 

 ginia. While the vegetation of the pine-barrens, is on the whole 

 much the same as in Xew Jersey, distinctly southern species 

 become increasingly abundant; locust, trumpet creeper (Tecom 

 yellow jasmine (Gelsemium), occur in Virginia, and in North 

 Carolina the southern elements become still more conspicuous. 

 Among the characteristic species is the red bay \Persea borbonia) 

 belonging to the laurel family; live oaks and dwarf palmettos, 

 and in South Carolina the tall palmetto (Sabal palmetto) are com- 

 mon. A famous denizen of the pine-barrens of the Carolinas, is 

 the remarkable Venus's flytrap (Dionaea muscipulei) unknown 

 elsewhere. In this same region are also several species of pitcher 

 plant- Sarracenia). 



The pine forests of Virginia and the Carolinas are very extensive 

 and reach far inland, and are of great value. Near Washington 



