44 OUTLINE OF PLANT GEOGRAPHY 



carpus) dwarf junipers, and others form an undergrowth in the 

 forest. 



The shallow water near the lake shores is a marsh, in which 

 are bulrushes (Scirpus sp.) bur-reeds (Sparganium) cat-tails 

 (Typha), various sedges and grasses, and the pond-weeds, water 

 milfoil, and other common water-plants of northern regions. Yel- 

 low water-lilies (Nuphar) also occur. 



The region between Lake Winnipeg and Hudson Bay is largely 

 a region of swamps in which willows and tamaracks are the pre- 

 vailing trees. East of Hudson Bay are the barren grounds of 

 Labrador, a region of tundras, barren moorlands and rocky hills. 

 At about 55°, tree-growth practically stops, but the southern part 

 of Labrador has a forest of the same type as that of the Mackenzie 

 region. 



Newfoundland in its western portion has much in common with 

 Labrador, but owing to the effect of the surrounding ocean, the 

 climate, especially in the east and south is much milder, and many 

 species are found which belong to the temperate flora, rather 

 than that of the sub-arctic zone. 1 



1 For a full account of the sub-arctic American flora, see Harshberger, J. W., 

 Die Vegetation der Erde, Vol. XIII. 



