L94 OUTLINE OF PLANT GEOGRAPHY 



In the shady woods, the trees me draped with the gray stream- 



3 of the lichen, Usnea, and here are also found a variety of 

 epiphytic mosses and liverworts, which also are plentiful on the 



Kind and on rocks and fallen logs. 



In the cool moist climate of the Ceylon highland, most of the 

 common garden flowers come to great perfection. In the attract- 

 ive gardes at Hakgala, together with a great variety of orchids, 

 peppers, tree-ferns, and other sub-tropical plants, there were 

 beautiful begonias, geraniums, heliotrope, fuchsias, violets, roses, 

 etc., .mowing with unusual luxuriance. 



Ixdo-China 



The Indo-Chinese peninsula, comprising Burma, French Indo- 

 china and Siam, has a flora, w r hich includes elements belonging 

 respectively to the Indian, Himalayan and Malayan regions. 



To the north, radiating from the great Himalayan system which 

 forms the southeastern boundary of Tibet, extends a series of 

 mountain ranges between which lie the valleys of the great rivers, 

 Irrawaddy, Salween, and Mekong, which water the lowlands of 

 Burma and Siam. 



In the northern mountain country the vegetation is a continua- 

 tion of the temperate Himalayan flora, and includes many genera 

 related to the floras of both Eurasia and North America. Pines, 

 firs and other coniferous trees; oaks, maples, magnolias, rhodo- 

 dendrons, and many others, both herbaceous and woody plants, 

 are familiar to European and American botanists. There are, 

 however, mingled with these boreal plants, many which are re- 

 lated to the tropical Malayan flora, such as bamboos, palms, 

 many orchids, figs and others. 



In the lower country in Assam, Burma and southern China, 

 the vegetation is predominantly Malayan, and further south, 

 most of the boreal genera disappear, and the vegetation is almost 

 entirely composed of strictly tropical types. Only in the higher 

 mountains do we again encounter the northern plants. 



There are three principal mountain systems extending south- 

 ward from the Himalaya in the Indo-Chinese Peninsula. To 

 the wesi is the Arakan system of Burma; in the centre the ranges, 

 which extending southward, form the backbone of the Malay 

 Peninsula; to the east the mountain system of Annam. 



