THE SOUTH TEMPERATE ZONE 3G9 



mentioned. Thus the Chilean strawberry (Fragaria club' 

 is very common on the cliffs and sand dunes about San Francisco 



None of the Chilean conifers belong to northern types. Podo 

 carpus is represented in the West Indies, but otherwise, except for 

 Libocedrus with a solitary species in California, the Chilean co- 

 nifers belong' to strictly austral genera, Araucaria and Fitzroya. 



Southern Chile has a flora which is unmistakably related to t hat 

 of New Zealand and Southern Australia; indeed so intimate is this 

 relationship, that it seems extremely likely that some sort of land 

 connection must at one time have existed between these countries, 

 now so widely severed. Not only are there many genera in com- 

 mon, but some fifty species are cited as belonging to both regions. 



Many of the trees characteristic of the forests of sub-antarctic 

 South America and New Zealand belong to the same genera. In 

 both regions the antarctic beeches (Nothofagus) abound, and such 

 genera as Weinmannia, Laurelia, Aristotelia and Drimys, char- 

 acteristic of New Zealand, but quite unknown in America, except in 

 the Chilean region, indicate that these have reached South America 

 from some southern land which has disappeared, while the pres- 

 ence in Chile of such a striking New Zealand species as Sophora 

 tetraptera, already referred to, and the occurrence in New Zea- 

 land of three species of the essentially South American genus 

 Fuchsia, make it pretty certain that there must have been some 

 much more intimate connection between South America and 

 Australasia than now exists. So many are the corresponded 

 between the Andean and sub-antarctic floras of South America 

 and those of New Zealand, as to make it practically certain that 

 these regions have been in connection at some former time. 

 Presumably this connection was via some extension northward of 

 the existing antarctic continent. 



Temperate South America has contributed many ornamental 

 plants to our gardens. From South Brazil and Argentina come 

 the Petunias, Verbenas, and Portulaca; from Chile the showy 

 Calceolarias and Schizanthus of the greenhouses, Salpiglossifl and 

 nasturtium-. 



The garden fuchsias are derived largely from Chilean species, 

 while in milder climates the pepper tree (Schinus m<>ll<), the 

 monkey-puzzle (Araucaria imbricata) evergreen barberries, espe- 

 cially Berberis Dann'nii, Escallonias, the heath-like Fabiana, 



