10 



TREES 



MCF 

 CCF 



Ore. 

 Calif. 



MCF 



Most States 

 W. Can. 



CCF 

 MCF 



Most States 

 W. Can. 



MCF 



Most States 

 W. Can. 



T-3. Sugar Pine, Pinus Lambertiana . Very tall tree, with thick 

 foliage; needles in bunches of 5's; large, long cones; sweetish sap. 

 The sap yields a saccharine that is very sweet, but acts as a ca- 

 thartic if very much eaten. Powdered resin was used by the Indians 

 for sores and ulcers. The hardened sap was dissolved and used 

 to wash sore eyes; pitch was used to mend canoes, to fasten ar- 

 rowheads and feathers. Nuts and shells were pulverized until like 

 butter, then eaten or put into soup. 



T-4. Western Yellow Pine, P. ponderosa. Tall pine with 3 long 

 needles in bunch, bark on older trees yellowish and picture-puz- 

 zle-like, smelling of vanilla. The gummy pitch from the bark is 

 very adhesive and was used by the Indians for canoes and on tents. 

 The mistletoe that grows on this pine was used in a decoction as a 

 stomach aid and to relieve colic. 



T-5. Lodgepole Pine, P. contorta. Usually has straight trunk, but 

 scraggly branches; needles in 2's and 1 V^"-2 3/4" long. The buds 

 were chewed by the Indians for sore throat and pitch was put on 

 open sores. The inner bark was mashed into a pulp and made in- 

 to cakes. These cakes were put between skunk cabbage leaves, 

 a fire of wet material was made on top of them, and they were left 

 to bake for an hour or more. Then they were smoked and put away 

 after being pressed into^firmness to be used on trips. 



T-6. Western White Pine, P. 

 monticola. Also called Silver 

 Pine. Bark whitish or reddish and 

 smooth; needles in 5's and very 

 slender, 2"-4"long; 6"-l0" long 

 cones are very slender when 

 closed, and green or dark purple 

 when young. The young shoots 

 were boiled by the Indians and 

 used for rheumatism, kidney 

 trouble, boils and coughs. Bark 

 was boiled and decoction made for 

 #^ stomach disorders. The pitch 

 was used to fasten feathers to arrow shafts; also was rubbed on the 

 shafts to make them stronger and more elastic. 



The young, inner bark of most pines could be used for food in 

 cases of starvation by thoroughly pounding. 



Lodgepole 

 Pine 



White 

 Pine 



