TREES 



PINES, Pinus sp.; Pine 

 Fam. Noted for their slen- 

 der needles in bunches and 

 large cones, all produce 

 pine nuts in the cones that 

 are edible, but the follow- 

 ing species especially so: 



T-1. Digger Pine, P, 

 Sabiniana. 3 needles in 

 bunch; a scraggly tree 

 growing in the lower alti- 

 tudes of most mountains 

 of California along the 

 Pacific Coast. The soft center of the green cones, roasted for 

 about 20minutes inhot ashes, yields a sortof syrupy foodthatwas 

 much relished by the Indians, Seeds are rich in fat and proteins 

 and usually eaten raw. Yellow pitch from the tree is a protective 

 counter-irritant. Bark infusion reputed useful for consumption. 

 Twigs and leaves used in decoction for rheumatism. Twigs and 

 rootlets used as sewing material for baskets. Charcoal from nut 

 meats crushed and applied to sores and burns. 



T-2. Two- leaved Pin- 

 yon Pine, P. edulis , and 

 One- Leaved Pinyon Pine, 

 P. monophylla, are both 

 desert mountain trees 

 with short needles and 

 small cones. Seeds are 

 rich in protein and used as 

 food by Indians. The nuts 

 were pounded and made 

 into cakes or cooked as a 

 gruel. Cones were picked 

 before they fell and put on 

 a fire to loosen the nuts or 

 seeds. Often a soup was 

 made from the nuts to give 

 to babies. 



MCF 



Calif. 



MCF 



Utah 

 Nev. 

 Calif. 

 Ariz. 



