Recognition of Plant Bactfriology in Europh 365 



so subject. Carkton's mac.ironi wheat is booming. I think we arc going 

 to make a big hit in this industry. 



Smith regarded Carlcton's work as of great value. Of liis 

 wheat introductions and breeding work which like Webber's and 

 Orton's cottons added millions of dollars to the American economy, 

 Smith said: *' 



In 1898 Carleton made his first trip to Russia, bringing back the Kubanka 

 durum wheat, resistant to heat and cold and to rust. In 1900 he went to 

 Russia again, bringing back the KarkotT red winter wheat and various other 

 valuable'cereals. In 1899 his bulletin " Cereal rust of the United States " 

 was published. 



The second International Conference on Plant Breeding and 

 Hybridization, held September 30-October 2, 1902, in New York 

 City, heard an address by Orton " On the Breeding of Disease- 

 resistant Varieties." •" In this, he explained the experiments from 

 which his Sea Island cotton, cowpea, and watermelon wilt resistant 

 varieties resulted. Accomplishments of the Division of Vegetable 

 Physiology and Pathology since 1898 '^ had been notable. 



For the southern states, the value of the new hybrid cold-resis- 

 tant oranges, developed by Swingle and Webber at Eustis and 

 Miami, was being demonstrated. European table grapes were 

 now being grown for foreign markets. At Summerville, South 

 Carolina, the Department maintained a factory and a one hundred 

 acre tract for tea growing, and near Charleston one thousand acres 

 of tea had been started on rice lands. In Texas and Louisiana 

 the Department's work had augmented by many millions of dollars 

 the invested capital and income from the rice industry. New 

 cottons were being secured for distribution, and Egyptian cotton 

 was being grown and proving valuable for crossing with other 



*'' Fifty years of pathology, op. cit., 27; M. A. Carleton, Macaroni Wheats, Bull. 3, 

 Bur. of Pi'. Ind., Dec. 23, 1901. 



*^ Experiment Station Record l4(3): 212, Nov. 1902. 



" A. F. Woods, Work in vegetable physiology and pathology, Yearbook of U. S. 

 D. A. for 1898: 261-266; W. T. Swingle and H. J. Webber, Hybrids and their 

 utilization in plant breeding, Yearbook for 1897: 383-420. Concerning plant breeding 

 work, B. T. Galloway, Industrial progress in plant work. Yearbook for 1902: 219- 

 239; Willet M. Hays, Progress in plant and animal breeding. Yearbook for 1901: 

 217-232; H. J. Webber and Ernst A. Bessey, Progress of plant breeding in the 

 United States, Yearbook for 1899: 465-490; H. J. Webber, Improvement of plants 

 by selection. Yearbook for 1898: 355-376; A. F. Woods, The relation of nutrition 

 to the health of plants, Yearbook for 1901: 155-176, especially those portions dealing 

 with diseases of plants. 



