142 Pathologist U. S. Department of Agriculture 



by the Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society of England, and 

 a reprint was reviewed in America in 1889 by the journal of 

 Mycology.^° By 1890, at experiment stations in the importr.nt 

 grain-growing regions, workers were publishing studies on rusts 

 and smuts of cereals, and the Jensen hot-water treatment for smut 

 in oats and other grains was found preferable to other fungicides 

 for many purposes. ^^ Smith saw this demonstrated when he ex- 

 amined the experimental work against smut in wheat done at the 

 Kansas station^- and he believed"^ that Jensen's "experiments 

 were subsequently repeated, expanded and confirmed in this 

 country by [W. A.} Kellerman and [W. T.] Swingle" there. 



Within the next decade, new discoveries of chemotherapeutic 

 remedies would be made. Formaldehyde, for instance, recom- 

 mended by Professor H. L. Bolley of the North Dakota Agricul- 

 tural College, would be used to treat several diseases of grains, 

 notably in wheat, oats, and flax.^* 



Such remedies were not found, however, for every malady of 

 cultivated crops, and, occasionally, other procedures either supple- 

 mented or were the more important part of the work of prevention 

 or control. During the 1880's, when a leaf disease of cherry trees 

 menaced the German nation's sweet cherry industry, A. B. Frank's 

 discovery that an overwintering ascomycete was its chief cause 

 made possible the invention of a practical control technique of 

 stripping the leaves from affected trees during two seasons.^^ 

 Or, in the case of black stem rust of wheat, when it was estab- 

 lished that alternate hosts, the common barberry and the wheat 

 plant, harbored the fungus, Puccinia graminis, at different stages 

 in its development, control-efforts were made by removing bar- 



^°5 (1): 42-43; (3) 164-165 (by B. T. Galloway). 



^^ See, W. A. Kellerman and W. T. Swingle, Prevention of smut in oats and other 

 cereals. Jour. Alyc. 6(1): 26-29, 1890; also, Fifty years of pathology, op. cit., 21. 



'* See Chapter V. There was also work on diseases of cereals at the North 

 Dakota station under H. L. Bolley, at the University of Nebraska under Bessey, at 

 the Indiana station under Arthur, and elsewhere, much of it reviewed in the Journal 

 of Mycology: (Kellerman's, Swingle's preliminary report) 5(4) : 218-219, 1889; 

 (Arthur's "Smut of Wheat and Oats") 5(3): 165; (Bolley's "The Heteroecismal 

 Pucciniae") 5 (3): 167; as examples. 



'■'' Plant pathology: a retrospect and prospect, op. cit., 608. 



** J. C. Arthur, op. cit., 161; H. L. Bolley, Bull. 27, N. D. Agric. Exp't Sta. 



*^ H. H. Whetzel, op. cit., 16. 



