Placi-d on a Nation-widh Basis 215 



ini; licUs of water bacteriology, milk bacteriology, and soil 

 bacteriology. Not yet had the era of special societies devoted to 

 study of special diseases (for instance, tuberculosis) arrived fully. 

 The establishment of scientific journals, dedicated to advancing 

 special phases of bacteriological research, was not yet fully under 

 way. State and municipal health laboratories naturally were pre- 

 occupied with diseases to which the human body was subject, 

 furthering not only diagnostic aid to physicians but also immun- 

 ological and serological assistance in the forms of vaccines, anti- 

 toxins, chemotherapeutic remedies, and the like, and securing and 

 enforcing quarantine and sanitary regulations, sometimes with the 

 aid of the law. From an academic point of view, the differentia- 

 tions that developed may be illustrated by glrncing at a course 

 given by Sedgwick at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 

 which, in 1883 a course on germs and germicides, became by 1888 

 a course in bacteriology, from which eventually were split off 

 separate courses, sanitary biology m 1889 and industrial biology in 

 1896.*'* Pruddcn's early work in bacteriology of ice and air was 

 pioneering, even as was H. W. Conn's work at Connecticut 

 Wesleyan University in milk bacteriology. Probably no one Ameri- 

 can institution contributed more in the pioneering period of these 

 subjects and in microbiology of water supplies — water purification 

 and sewage disposal — than the Massachusetts Institute of Tech- 

 nology. Its work, together with that of the Lawrence Experiment 

 Station founded in 1886 and the biological laboratory of Chestnut 

 Hill Reservoir, had begun "an important epoch in American 

 sanitation." Steadily the work had gone forward. Sedgwick had 

 graduated some brilliant students whose work from time to time 

 will appear in this story. 



Among them was Edwin Oakes Jordan, '88, who after serving 

 as chief assistant biologist of the Massachusetts State Board of 

 Health 1888-1890 and lecturer at Massachusetts Institute of Tech- 

 nology during his last years there, and after two years as fellow in 

 morphology at Clark University, went as an associate in anatomy 

 and instructor to the University of Chicago. In 1895 at this insti- 

 tution he became an assistant professor of bacteriology. Allen 

 Hazen, '88, George Chandler Whipple, '89, and George Warren 

 Fuller, '90, all from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 



®* A pioneer of public health William Thompson Sedguick, op. cil., 40, 59-60, 64. 



