Of rill ScioNcn oi' Pi ant Racthriology 319 



be published in rnL^land, France, and Cicrmany, the rcjxitable 

 autiiors of each clingini^ to tlie prevail ini; insistent skepticism 

 and devoting but a comparatively few pa^es to plant bacteria. 

 Even Burrill's pear blij^ht was seldom accepted as definitely shown 

 to be caused by a bacterium. In 1S97 Migula in his System der 

 Biikterien included Smith's wilt of cucurbits as a bacterial plant 

 disease. Pear bliqht had been included in his early, and what 

 Smith believed " the best, paper of its time." 



Migula's second volume, Specielle Systeniatik der Bakterien, 

 published in 1900, was still another book which Smith believed 

 " should be in every laboratory. No other general work," he 

 said,"^ "deals as carefully with morphology of the bacteria." 

 Designedly less .complete in cultural characters, the book was to 

 be regarded as one which described species rather than considered 

 their pathogenicity.^^" He chose Migula's scheme for classifying 

 bacteria, and explained thus: ^^' 



On the whole, the classification of Migula, which was proposed in 

 October, 1894, and is outlined at length and applied to most of the well- 

 recognized forms, in his beautiful great work, '" System der Bakterien," 

 appeals to me most strongly. Up to this time [1905] the writer has 

 followed this system in his own publications and will continue to do so, 

 with certain modifications, until some distinctly better system makes its 

 appearance. This system is based on the flagella and is much more work- 

 able than one based on spores, or on a combination of these two characters. 

 The presence or absence of flagella and their position on the body are used 

 by Migula as generic characters. In 1895 Dr. Alfred Fischer also pro- 

 pounded a new system of classification based on spores and flagella. This 

 system was republished in 1897, with material modifications, in his '" Vor- 

 lesungen iiber Bakterien," and is modified still further in the second 

 edition of that work. 



The second edition of Fischer's work was published in 1903, 

 two years before the second volume of the third edition of 

 Sorauer's Handbuch der Pfianzenkrankheiten was made available. 

 Whereas in the first edition of his Handbook (1874) Sorauer had 

 not mentioned bacterial diseases of plants, many pages and seventy 

 such diseases, more or less, were considered in the later work. 

 " This purely didactic review published in 1905," wrote Smith, 



118 



^^^ Bad. in rel. to pi. cits., op. cit., bibliog., 1: 205. 



^'^° Bact. in rel. to pi. dis., op. cit., 2: 17. 



^'^'' Bact. in rel. to pi. dis., op. cit., 1: 157. 



*"Bdf/. in rel. to pi. dis., op. cit., 2: 19. 



