432 First European Journey 



Swingle, my assistant, now in California assisting Merton B. Waite 

 in his effort to exterminate pear-blight and save the orchards of a 

 great state, is to be married in June to Miss Alice C. Haskins, who 

 was formerly in my laboratory and who now works with Dr. C. O. 

 Townsend. . . ." 



Galloway wrote: 



You probably know by this time that Deane Swingle has decided to 

 leave the Department, having accepted a place in Montana [at the agri- 

 cultural college at Bozeman}. . . . From the fact that at the last session of 

 Congress a bill was passed giving each experiment station $5,000 addi- 

 tional last year, $10,000 the present year and $15,000 next year, the 

 stations will be in a position now to compete with us for men. We are 

 already beginning to feel the effect of this; and several of our men have 

 had offers. In three years, therefore, all the stations will be provided with 

 $30,000 annually for their work instead of $15,000. The man who was 

 responsible for this measure, Mr. H. C. Adams, Member from Wisconsin, 

 has been a very good friend, not only of the stations, but of the Department 

 as well. 



The crown gall cultures and inoculations throughout most of 

 that summer, as a consequence, were not cared for properly, and 

 some of the labels on Miss Haskins's work were lost. In September 

 Miss Nellie A. Brown, one of America's ablest women scientists 

 and whose work in this connection deserves special recognition, 

 became employed by Dr. Townsend's ofhce of sugar beet inves- 

 tigations. She had been graduated at the University of Michigan 

 under Spalding and Newcombe, and had studied at Dr. Rolfs's 

 and the Department's sub-tropical laboratory at Miami. Dr. Town- 

 send told Miss Brown to continue the work. She plated the 

 bacterium with the use of suitable media, grew the germ and, 

 with subcultures from poured plate colonies, reproduced galls on 

 plants repeatedly. On November 27 she made 



28 inoculations into marguerite daisies, using 4 different organisms plated 

 from a daisy gall found in the greenhouse (probably produced by one of 

 Miss Haskins's inoculations — labels lost off) . Inoculated each organism 

 into 7 different daisy plants at the tip. The cultures were 2 days old. 



Result — December 12: All 7 plants inoculated with the white organism 

 (designated B) had knobby outgrowths. No protuberances were visible on 

 plants inoculated with the other organisms. 



December 18: Galls formed on all those plants inoculated with B. The 



