408 First European Journey 



other cherry trees inoculated for half a year or more, with large branches 

 destroyed by the bacteria. It is a slow disease. I believe I have seen the 

 same thing in the United States on cherry branches sent to me some years 

 ago from the Northwest Coast (Oregon and Washington). Bacteria were 

 present in the tissues in great numbers and were recognized as such, but 

 I did not attempt to cultivate them, having at the time more than I could 

 do with other things. Dr. Aderhold has promised to furnish me photo- 

 graphs and other material for illustrating this cherry disease.^ 



The building of the Biologische Anstalt was " new, large, and 

 admirably adapted," Smith believed, " to the needs of the station.' 

 Its hothouses and experimental grounds were adjacent; the equip- 

 ment " admirable," and its pathological museum was " extremely 

 interesting," supplying him with ideas for the new Department of 

 Agriculture building at Washington. He saw " a large copper 

 apparatus in compartments with an ice tank above . . . designed 

 for study of organisms at various low temperatures. The com- 

 partment temperatures ranged from 1.5°C at one end to 16°C at 

 the other. Such an apparatus," he decided, " would be very useful 

 in my laboratory." He called on shops and dealers in bacteri- 

 ological apparatus and got new ideas concerning laboratory equip- 

 ment from them as well as from other sources. 



He visited the extensive laboratory of bacteriology and the 

 animal houses maintained by the Imperial Board of Health, and 

 at Koch's Institut Dr. Claus Schilling, in charge of the division 

 of tropical diseases, showed him " very thoroughly " through 

 their main building and animal houses. The very complete Koch 

 collection in the museum and library was examined; and Dr. 

 Schilling and he discussed for a while Fritz Schaudinn's (and Hoff- 

 man's) recent discovery of a flagellate protozoan, Treponema 

 pallidum,^ " the real cause of syphilis." 



At a botanical meeting of about twenty persons, presided over 

 by Dr. Engler, Smith became acquainted with, among others, Dr. 

 Hugo Fischer, a bacteriologist interested in soil organisms. Dr. 

 Gustav Lindau, mycologist, systematist of higher plants, and a 

 pupil of Schwendener and Brefeld, and Dr. Georg Volkens, who 

 had charge of plant introduction and disease investigations for 



''See Bacteria in relation to plant diseases 2:69, 1911. Also, Introduction to 

 bacterial diseases of plants, op. cit., 474. 



® See, Fifty years of pathology, op. cit., 31. There Smith also mentioned Castellani's 

 discovery (also 1905) of a flagellate protozoan, " the cause of that dreadful tropical 

 disease ' Yaws ' " and its distinction from syphilis. 



