610 Third European Journey 



science: Peglion at Rome, Cavara at Naples, and Savastano at 

 Acireale. Cavara was director of the botanic garden, and Savas- 

 tano, " an indefatigable student of literature," had " the best 

 library in Italy on trees and plant pathology and experiment 

 station publications." He told Smith that the carob tree tumors 

 were not due to bacteria. He had described and figured, as not due 

 to fungi, the hard burls of the olive. Mai de Spacco, a wood 

 disease of grafted oranges, due to bacteria, interested Smith, the 

 more since the malady did not appear on wild stock. ^^ At Palermo, 

 he discussed tumors and showed his crown gall photographs to 

 Director Luigi Buscalioni of the botanic garden there. His talks 

 with scientists about tumors and pathology were many, and he was 

 flattered at the interest which Dr. W. T. Councilman, whom he 

 chanced to meet in Rome, took in his photographs: Together they 

 examined a tumor on live oak {Quercus tlex) . " The trees," Smith 

 wrote,'^ 



are parasitized by a beetle and some of them are enormously deformed. 

 The leaves on the sprouts from the tumors are sharply serrate while the 

 healthy parts bear leaves wholly or almost free from serratums. This is 

 only a young form of the leaf i, e. such as occurs normally on young trees, 

 as I convinced him. After lunch I showed him the crown gall photographs. 

 He expressed great interest and said he was convinced I am right in 

 claiming analogies to malignant human and animal tumors. 



Dr. and Mrs. Smith's return to Paris by way of Pisa, Genoa, 

 Nice, Lyon, and other points preceded the New Year by a day 

 or two. On the same day, January 5, that he sent out letters to 

 fourteen members regarding the next annual meeting of the 

 American Association for Cancer Research he received a report 

 from Miss Brown of his laboratory that " successful inoculations 

 on other plants " had been made " with colonies plated from the 

 pine tumors. She thinks it crown gall," he added, and consulted 

 Dufrenoy who promised to " try to find pines and ashes for [him]. 

 He showed [him] small tumors on Abies " from which he got 

 bacteria. A tumor on Sequoia sempervirens was next brought to 

 Smith's attention. He thought this looked like crown gall and, 

 given specimens, sent them to his laboratory. On January 19 

 Dufrenoy showed him " under the microscope a pure culture of a 

 coccus he [had] obtained (single or in doublets) from the tumor 



"Journal, Dec. 11, 1924. "Journal, Dec. 18, 1924. 



