344 



BOTANY OF THE LIVING PLANT 



upon their origin, and upon the place which they take relatively to 

 other parts at the time when they first appear. Following this 

 method, those parts of the individual, or of different individuals, species 



Fig. 259. 



Shoot of Butcher's Broom (Ruscus aculeatus) after Figuier. Note the small 

 scale-leaves in the axils of which the flattened axes (phylloclades) arise ; also the 

 flowers arising from the surface of the phylloclades in the axils of other scale-leaves. 



or genera, are distinguished as homologous which have the same relation 

 to the whole plant-body, whatever their function or external conditions 

 may be. On the other hand, parts may resemble one another in form 

 or in function, though they may differ in their relation to the whole 

 plant-body. Such parts are described as analogous one with another. 



