2 5 o BOTANY OF THE LIVING PLANT 



prepared by a T-shaped cut into the tissues of the stock that is to 

 receive it, and the tissues down to the cambium are separated from 

 the woody column (Fig. 173)- The cambium-layer of the shield is 

 placed in contact with the wood, and the whole is bound up with bast 

 and wax to exclude air and intrusive fungi. The two living tissues 

 form each a callus : the two unite, and their junction is such that the 



Fig. 174. 



Cleft-grafting. 

 (After Figuier.) 



Fig. 175. 



Approach-grafting or inarching. (After 

 Figuier.) 



woody column of the stock provides the transpiration stream to the 

 alien bud. Grafting is essentially the same process ; but a woody 

 shoot with a number of buds is removed, and inserted upon a corre- 

 spondingly cut surface of the stock, so that the active cambial tissues 

 of both shall be in contact (Fig. 174). Inarching or approach-grafting 

 is similar, but has the advantage of both plants remaining rooted till 

 the union is complete (Fig. 175). After the bud or graft has fully 

 united with the stock its own root is cut away. Meanwhile the head 

 of the stock having been removed, the graft or bud takes its place. 



