632 



BOTANY OF THE LIVING PLANT 



Gynoecium, carpels 2, syncarpous, ovary inferior, unilocular, with numerous 

 ovules seated on lateral placentas, ovules anatropous. 



Fruit, an inferior berry (Fig. 482). 



Pollination. The flowers are attractive by colour, and by grouping in 

 racemes. Honey is secreted at the base of the receptacular tube. The flowers 

 are very slightly protogynous, and are pollinated chiefly by bees ; but self- 

 pollination is also possible. 



ORDER : ROSALES. 



The Rosales are herbs, shrubs, and trees, with alternate stipulate leaves. 

 They are widely distributed, especially in temperate zones, and are largely 

 represented among cultivated flowers and fruits. The flowers are actino- 

 morphic, and usually pentamerous ; but the stamens are often numerous. 

 The Order is specially instructive from the variability in development of the 

 receptacle, so that it includes perigynous and epigynous types. There is also 

 great variability in the number of the carpels. But still it is a very natural 

 group, the flowers being referable to the same fundamental construction as 

 the Saxifragaceae, to which they are closely allied. 



Family : Rosaceae. Examples : Apple, Strawberry, Rose, Cherry. 

 (26) The Apple (Pyrus Malus, L.) is a small tree with long vegetative 

 shoots and short spurs, upon which the flowers are borne. The leaves are 



Fie. 483. 



Vertical section through a flower of the Quince (Cydonia). sep=sepa\s. pet = 

 petals. si = stamens. c = apices of the carpels, elongated into styles. cw=ovules. 

 n = nectaries. The receptacle is here hollowed out, so that the carpels appear sunk 

 down into a cavity. (After Church.) 



stipulate. The flowers appear in groups, one terminal on the spur, the rest 

 in the axils of the bracts below it. Each flower, together with two bracteoles, is 



