APPENDIX A 



633 



borne on an elongated stalk, which swells immediately below the calyx into 

 the enlarged inferior ovary. It is thus epigynons (Fig. 212, B, p. 290), and 

 consists of : 



Calyx, sepals 5, polysepalous, superior ; the odd sepal is posterior. 



Corolla, petals 5, polypetalous, superior, alternating with the sepals. 

 - Androecium, stamens indefinite, free, epigynous. 



Gynoecium, carpels 5, syncarpous, inferior ; five distinct stigmas are borne 

 on styles separate above, but more or less distinct below. Ovary with five 

 loculi, and several ovules in each (Fig. 484, A). 



Fruit, consists of the inferior ovary crowned by the persistent calyx. The 

 five carpels are sunk in the succulent tissue of the receptacle, from which they 

 are not distinctly marked off. Their inner cartilaginous wall forms the 

 " core," and one or more " pips," or seeds, are contained in each. 



A 



B 



Fig. 484- 

 A, diagram of Apple. (After Eichler.) B, diagram of Potentilla Comarum. 

 C, diagram of Cherry. (After Eichler.) 



Pollination. The flowers are attractive by colour, and by easily accessible 

 honey secreted on the concave surface within the stamens. They are slightly 

 protogynous, but are not highly specialised. Insects collecting honey and 

 pollen will carry out cross-pollination, but self-pollination is also possible. 



(27) The Wild Strawberry (Fragaria vesca, L.) is a perennial herb with 

 ternate, stipulate leaves, borne upon a sympodial rhizome. The apex of the 

 leafy shoot of the preceding year grows up into the inflorescence of the current 

 year, while it is upon a lateral bud from it that the foliage leaves are borne. 

 The inflorescence is cymose. Potentilla Comarum will serve as an alternative 

 example (Fig. 484, B). The flower consists of : 



Calyx, sepals 5, polysepalous, seated at the margin of the widened receptacle. 

 Between the sepals are five additional green lobes, forming what is called an 

 epicalyx, believed to represent the fused pairs of stipules of the sepals, the 

 vegetative leaves being stipulate. (The number of sepals in cultivated straw- 

 berries may be more than five.) 



Corolla, petals 5, polypetalous, alternating with the sepals. 



Androecium, stamens indefinite, free, perigynous. They are arranged 

 with some regularity in whorls ; the outermost is of 10, representing five 

 stamens which have undergone fission. 



