676 



BOTANY OF THE LIVING PLANT 



Euglena, 169 (Fig. 104), 357 (Figs. 

 265, 266) ; instability of nutri- 

 tional method, 356. 



Eumycetes, 400, 431. 



Euphorbia (Spurge), xerophytes of 

 Old World, 210 ; simple flowers 

 of, 256 (Fig. 178), 343, 629 (Fig. 



479). 

 Euphorbiaceae, reduction of flowers 



in, 271 ; transfer of seeds of, 330 ; 



floral construction in, 629 (Fig. 



479). 

 Eurotium, see Aspergillus, 401, 422 



(Fig. 320). 



Evergreens, plants which retain their 

 leaves through the year, 80, 194. 



Evolution theory, a working hy- 

 pothesis, 339 (Chap. xx.). 



Exalbuminous seed, in which the 

 endosperm is absorbed before ripe- 

 ness, 319 (Fig. 239). 



Exodermis, in many roots a special- 

 ised layer below the piliferous 

 layer, 83 (Fig. 57). 



Exogenous origin, development of 

 new parts from superficial tissues, 

 e.g. leaves, 17 (Fig. 7), 90. 



Extension, the elongation of a part 

 already formed, 143 (Fig. 88). 



Exudation of water, 108, 109 (Fig. 



74. A). 



Eyebright (Euphrasia), a green root- 

 parasite, 222. 



Eye-spot, 357 (Fig. 265). 



Fall of leaf, 80 (Fig. 55), 194.- 



False tissue of Fungi, 394. 



Families, Natural, 605 (Appendix A). 



Fats, storage of, 125. 



Female gamete, or ovum, or egg, 294 

 (Fig. 216), 305 (Fig. 226) ; of Coni- 

 ferae, 536 (Fig. 424) ; of Fern, 502 

 (Figs. 394, 396) ; of Fucus, 386 

 (Figs. 287, 288). 



Ferments, or enzymes, 128 ; proteo- 

 lytic, which break down complex 

 protein into simpler substances, 

 240 ; digestive, of Fungi, 393 (Fig. 



294). 

 Ferns, 481 (Chap, xxxi.) ; distal 



branching, 348 ; life-cycle of, 506 

 (Fig. 400) ; mechanism of sporan- 

 gium, 166 (Fig. 103) ; vascular 

 supply to big buds, 595, 600. 

 Fertilisation, the coalescence of male 

 and female gametes to form a 

 zygote, 301 ; in Flowering Plants, 

 306-307 (Figs. 227, 228) ; in Ferns, 

 503 (Figs. 395, 396) ; in Fucus, 386 



(Fig. 287) : indirect in Red Sea- 

 weeds, 389. 



Fertilising tube, of Pythium, 398 

 (Fig. 296), 405 ; in Peronosporeae, 

 410 (Fig. 310). 



Festuca ovina, viviparous habit of, 

 248. 



Fibonacci series, 204. 



Fibre, a cell much longer than broad, 

 with pointed ends, 23 (Fig. 13), 59 



(Fig. 38). 



Fibrous cells, mechanically effective 

 in opening the anther, to shed the 

 pollen, 282 (Fig. 203) ; develop- 

 ment of, 285 (Fig. 206). 



Fig, hollow succulent inflorescence of, 

 330 (Fig. 255) ; analysis of, 657. 



Figwort (Scrophularia), vascular 

 strand of, 44 (Fig. 23), 46 (Fig. 24) ; 

 flower of, 643 (Fig. 494) ; abortive 

 stamen of, 268 (Fig. 192). 



Filament, the stalk of a stamen, 281 

 (Fig. 201). 



Filicales, the Ferns, 3 ; general de- 

 scription of, Chap, xxxi., p. 481. 



Fine flour, 660. 



Fissidens, a Moss, bilateral sym- 

 metry of, 205. 



Fission, or branching of parts, in the 

 flower, 266 ; of stamens in Vellozia, 

 266 (Fig. 190) ; of cells of Euglena, 

 357 (Fig. 266). 



Fission Fungi (Bacteria), 448. 



Fixation of atmospheric nitrogen 

 (Heather), 231. 



Flagellatae, 356, 359, 360. 



Flagellum, of Euglena, 357. 



Flattened surfaces, stiffening of, 186 ; 

 protection of margins of, 189 (Figs. 

 124, 125). 



Flexuous hyphae of Rust Fungi, 438. 



Flies, killed by Empusa., 413, 415. 



Flora of Land, origin of, 546. 



Floral construction, 605 (Appendix 

 A). 



Floral diagram, explained, 263 (Fig. 



l87) ' a t 



Floral formula, a compact mode of 



registering the component parts of 



a flower, 264. 



Flower, a simple shoot which bears 

 sporangia, 256 (Chap, xiv.) ; de- 

 velopment of, 273 (Fig. 198) ; parts 

 of, 255 (Fig. 177) ; definition of, 

 256 ; comparison of, 263 ; bio- 

 logical specialisation of, 274 ; of 

 Conifers, 531 (Figs. 416, 420, 421). 



Flowering, its relation to storage, 195. 



Flowering Plant, 2, 5. 



" Flowers " of Mosses, 467. 



