694 



BOTANY OF THE LIVING PLANT 



Siliqua, the fruit of Cruciferae, 626 

 (Fig. 477). 



Silt, 97. 



Silver grain, tangential aspect of 

 medullary rays, 60. 



Silver wire, qualities of, 178. 



Similarity, Principle of, 591. 



Sinistrorse twining, reverse of hands 

 of watch, 215 (Fig. 144, A). 



Siphonales, non-septate Algae, 171 

 (Fig. 105), 361, 367 ; vegetative 

 propagation of, 370 ; gametes of, 

 370 (Fig. 275) ; life cycle of, 390, 

 556 ; comparison with Fungi, 447. 



Size and form, relation of, 589 

 (Chap, xxxvi.) ; relation shown by 

 measurement, 593 (Table). 



Sleep movements, 161 ; in Clover, 

 Mimosa, etc., 162 (Fig. 98) 



Smut Fungi, 431, 440. 



Snowdrop and Snowflake, 608. 



Soil, constituents of, 96 ; influence 

 on plant-distribution, 112. 



Solanaceae, 642 (Fig. 493). 



Solanum : jasminoides, prehensile 

 leaf of, 216 ; porous dehiscence of 

 anthers of, 281 ; tuberosum 

 (Potato), seedling of, 244 (Fig. 

 168) ; correlation in, 218 (Fig. 

 147) ; graft-hybrids of, 251 ; origin 

 of, 653 ; analysis of tubers, 655 ; 

 flower of, 642 (Fig. 493). 



Solar energy, fixation of, 114. 



Solenostele, 596 (Fig. 452), 597. 



Sols, 32, 35. 



Somatic budding, separation of buds 

 from the soma or plant-body, 245. 



Somatic phases, 546 ; relation to 

 nuclear cycle, 556. 



Somatic division of nucleus, 561 (Fig. 

 428), 562 (Fig. 429, A); of cells, 

 19, 20 (Fig. n). 



Somatic parthenogenesis, where an 

 embryo is formed without fertilisa- 

 tion from a diploid egg, 587. 



Soredia, organs of vegetative propa- 

 gation of Lichens, 427. 



Sori of Ferns, 482 (Fig. 373), 495 



(Fig. 387). 



Soya Bean (Glycine soja), nitrogen- 

 free germination of, 237 (Fig. 165) ; 

 analysis of, 655 ; origin of, 656. 



Spartina Townsendii, a natural allo- 

 polyploid, 583. 



Specific mechanical tissues, 175 ; 

 physical qualities of, 178, 179 ; 

 disposition of, 180. 



Spermatium, a naked non-motile 

 male gamete ; of Red Seaweed, 

 389 (Fig. 290). 



Spermatocytes, cells giving rise to 

 spermatozoids ; of Selaginella, 517 

 (Fig. 411) ; of Ferns, 501 (Fig. 393). 



Spermatozoids, motile male fertilising 

 bodies ; of Zamia, 527 (Fig. 415) ; 

 of Selaginella, 517 (Figs. 411, 412) ; 

 of Ferns, 501 (Fig. 393), 503 (Fig. 

 395) ; of Mosses, 467 (Fig. 362) ; 

 of Brown Seaweeds, 381, 383 ; of 

 Fucus, 384 (Fig. 287) ; of Oedo- 

 gonium, 366 ; of Monoblepharis, 

 412 (Fig. 311). 



Spermogonia, flask-shaped bodies 

 containing spermatia : in Lichens, 

 429 ; in Puccinia, 438 (Fig. 337). 



Sperms, or male gametes, 353. 



Sphacelaria, apical cell of, 379. 



Sphaerella, 363 (Fig. 267). 



Sphaerotheca, 401, 418 (Figs. 318, 

 319). 420. 



Sphagnales, 548. 



Sphagnum (Bog Moss), 465. 



Sphenophyllales, 522. 



Spike, an indefinite inflorescence with 

 sessile flowers, 259 (Fig. 181). 



Spikelets, of Glumales, 616 (Fig. 464). 



Spinach (Spinacia oleracea), analysis 

 of, 655 ; origin of, 654. 



Spindle-fibres, in dividing nucleus, 

 562 (Fig. 428). 



Spindle Tree (Euonymus), arillus of, 

 318 (Fig. 238). 



Spiral arrangement, of leaves, where 

 an ascending spiral line may be 

 drawn round the stem, threading 

 together the bases of them all, 202 ; 

 of parts of flower, 264 (Fig. 188). 



Spirillum, strongly spiral shape of 

 Bacteria, 448. 



Spirogyra, 121 (Fig. 277) ; conju- 

 gation of, 372, 373. 



Splachnum, habitat of, 463. 



Spongy parenchyma, 72 (Figs. 47, 48). 



Sporangiophores, hyphae bearing 

 sporangia, of Mucor, 401, 413 (Fig. 

 312). 



Sporangium, an organ of propagation 

 producing spores internally, 256, 

 352 ; of Fern, mechanism of, 167 

 (Fig. 103), 496 (Figs. 388-390) ; of 

 Selaginella, 516 (Figs. 407, 408) ; 

 of Brown Algae, unilocular, 382 

 (Fig. 284) ; plurilocular, 382 ; of 

 Fungi, 401 ; of Mucor, 413 (Figs. 

 312, 313.) 



Spore-mother-cell, of Ferns, 497 (Fig. 

 389) ; tetrad-division of, 564 (Fig. 

 43o). 



Spores, of Selaginella, 515 (Figs. 407, 

 408) ; of Ferns, 494 (Figs. 387- 



