Luminous Organisms 



of Japan and the Far East 



Y. Haneda 



Tokyo Jikeikai Medical College, Tokyo, and 



Yokosuka Museum, Yokosuka, Japan 



My investigation of luminous organisms started in 1934, with special 

 interest in the problem of luminous symbiosis, bet\veen luminous 

 bacteria and fish or squid. From 1937 to 1942 I had several opportu- 

 nities to visit Micronesia, Tropical Asia, and New Guinea as a member 

 of the staff of the Palao Tropical Biological Station and was able to 

 collect luminous organisms and obser\-e their ecology. From 1942 to 

 1945 I was stationed in the Raffles Museum, Singapore. During my 

 stay in Singapore I was able to visit the Malay Peninsula and the 

 East Indies. During these trips I collected and observed luminous 

 fishes, luminous fungi, fireflies, and other luminous organisms. Un- 

 fortunately, most of my specimens, memoranda, and manuscripts were 

 lost at the end of \\^orld War II while traveling in Middle Sumatra. 

 Finally in 1946 I returned to Japan from Singapore, and in 1948 I 

 again started to study deep sea luminous organisms of Suruga Bay, 

 Japan. 



From 1951 to 1952 studies were made of luminous organisms of 

 Hachijo Island, located 157 miles south of Tokyo, while I was a 

 member of the Committee on Oceanographic and Biological Research 

 of Hachijo Island. Since 1953 I have continued the work on luminous 

 species of the Pacific coast of Japan, as a member of the Committee 

 on Oceanographic and Biological Research for Marine Resources, 

 sponsored by the Japanese National Commission for UNESCO. The 

 present paper contains some of the results of my observations on the 



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