Y. HANEDA 337 



Nonluminous Isopoda sometimes become luminous from infection 

 by luminous bacteria. A specimen of Megaligia, Japanese name, 

 Funomushi, among numerous nonluminous individuals, was observed 

 at Tomioka Beach near Yokohama in the autumn of 1933. Again in 

 1939 in Palao, I observed a wood louse, Japanese name, Warajimushi, 

 and a millipede infected by luminous bacteria moving on the ground 

 behind the coral storehouse of Palao Tropical Station. The rather 

 strong light from the wood louse was emitted from the whole body 

 and lasted five days. The normally nonluminous millipede Trigoniulus 

 rugosus is common in the Caroline and Marshall Islands of Micro- 

 nesia, but occasionally luminous bacteria can be cultured from these 

 animals. 



Saprophytic Luminous Bacteria 



There are many reports of luminous bacteria cultivated from marine 

 fishes of Japan, and especially since World War II much progress has 

 been made by Dr. Yasaki and his students in studies of luminous 

 bacteria. Kozukue ( 1952b,c ) , Shibata ( 1953a,b,c ) , and Odawara 

 (1953c) cultivated luminous bacteria from the digestive organs of 

 some marine fishes, squid, and crab. 



The only observation on luminous bacteria from beef was made by 

 Molisch (1926) at the city of Sendai, Japan. Several years before 1940 

 I tested the cultivation of luminous bacteria from beef, pork, and 

 chicken in Japan. The beef, pork, and chicken, purchased from 

 butcher shops in several cities, were cut into small pieces with ster- 

 ilized knives, put into a dish, and sterilized salt water was poured on 

 them. After 10 to 24 hours I observed these in the dark. Although 

 there was some luminosity developed in experiments conducted 

 during other seasons, in the winter season 65% of the beef, 46% of the 

 pork, and 24% of the chicken became luminous. Strangely enough the 

 luminous bacteria grew only on those purchased in the city of Ohgaki, 

 Gifu Pref. I cultivated these luminous bacteria in culture media con- 

 taining 0.5% salt and found that the bacteria emitted light strongly. 



Important research, using luminous bacteria as tests for antibiotics 

 (Adawara, 1953a,b); for study of spectral distribution (Akaba, 1938; 

 Takase, 1940; Haneda, Takase, and Kumagai, 1940); for observation 

 with the fluoromicroscope (Shibata, 1953d), and for mutant investi- 



