Y. HANEDA 359 



other luminous deep sea animals. These forms live mostly at middle 

 depths and migrate upward at night. Among them the most interest- 

 ing and remarkable are the shrimp and squid which project luminous 

 clouds into the sea water. Heterocarpus sibogae de Man. is 5 to 6 

 cm long and red in color. This species, like Heterocarpus alfonsi, has 

 glands at the base of the antennae. If the material is dried rapidly 

 while living by a heater with temperature not exceeding 40-50° C, 

 its luminosity can be recovered upon moistening. When dead mate- 

 rial is dried, the luminosity is weak. The luciferin-luciferase reaction 

 is positive, and the species would be useful in biochemical studies. 



Pathogenic Luminous Shrimp 



The luminosity of the freshwater luminous shrimp Xiphocaridina 

 compressa is much more interesting. These are found in Lake Suwa, 

 100 miles from the sea and 800 meters above the sea level, but are 

 also widely distributed in freshwater in Japan. 



On hot summer nights the shrimp regularly become luminous be- 

 cause of infection by pathogenic luminous bacteria, and the entire 

 body, with the exception of the eye, but even tentacles and legs, will 

 shine. 



The morphological aspects of the luminous bacteria (Microspira 

 phosphoretim) are similar to the Cholera Vibrio or the Vibrio durnbar 

 of Germany. The bacteria are easily cultivated from the shrimp, using 

 a 0.5% NaCl culture media. Later, in 1928, the shrimp was found in 

 a brook in the rice fields alongside the Tone River near the town of 

 Sawara, Chiba Pref., about 30 miles from the mouth of the estuary. 

 Because of the rare beauty of the shrimp as they mass and luminesce 

 on hot summer nights, their destruction is prohibited by the govern- 

 ment. 



Myriapoda 



Luminous Centipedes 



There appear to be no luminous Myriapoda in Japan, but small 

 threadlike luminous centipedes {Orphaneus brevihbiatus) , 60-60 mm 

 long, are distributed over Micronesia, the East Indies, Malay Penin- 

 sula, and Indo-China, even Formosa and Okinawa Islands. Translu- 



