Y. HANEDA 365 



surface of the fungus Ganodcrma oppJanatus, which grew in a hollow 

 of a big root of the pasania tree {Sliiia Sieboldii) at Nakanogo Vil- 

 lage. The whole body is luminous when it is in the larval and pupal 

 stage, but not in the adult. The larva is 16 mm long and 2 mm wide, 

 with pale brown stripes on a translucent body. The anterior and 

 posterior parts are transparent. The pupa is enclosed in a pure white 

 cocoon knitted by fine threads, cylindrical in form, 15 mm in length 

 and 5 mm in diameter. The transformation from larva to pupa takes 

 one day, from pupa to adult a week. Adults are nonluminous, but 

 the larva and pupa emit a continuous weak, bluish white light. Stim- 

 ulation does not increase the light intensity. The light of the pupa 

 can be seen through the white cocoon, but the ovary or eggs are not 

 luminous. 



I endeavored to culture luminous bacteria from the body and 

 obtained negative results. The luminous larvae were placed in a des- 

 sicator containing CaClo and were dried. This dried material became 

 luminous when moistened with water in the dark, and its light in- 

 tensity was stronger than that of the living larva or pupa. I tested for 

 the luciferin-luciferase reaction as well as the ATP reaction and ob- 

 tained negative results. 



Miscellaneous Small Groups 



Luminous Nemertean 



In the summer of 1936 the late Dr. Kanda and I stayed at the 

 Asamushi Marine Biological Station on Aomori Bay. One night, in the 

 aquarium of the station, I recognized luminescence on the surface of 

 a common ascidian, Chelyosoma sihoja, when irritated. At the same 

 time I collected a luminous nemertean and three species of luminous 

 Polychaeta. These luminous animals were reported on by Kanda 

 ( 1937 ) in Japanese. 



Among them the most remarkable, the luminous nemertean, was 

 given the new species name of Emplectonema kandai by Kato (1939), 

 and was also studied by Kanda in 1939. This animal is from 50 to 

 120 cm long and only 0.5 to 0.9 mm in diameter. Its body is unseg- 

 mented and usually very thin and threadlike, sometimes extending to 

 enormous lengths. 



