226 DISCOVERY REPORTS 



second; it is divided into two pointed processes distally, the inner much longer and 

 bigger than the outer. A low keel runs dorsally along the distal part of the inner margin 

 of the second segment. The third segment carries a high dorsal keel. 



The terga of the first and second abdominal segments are produced into small wide 

 rounded projections in the mid-dorsal line ; there is a very strong compressed spine-like 

 process from the third abdominal segment and smaller spine-like processes, not com- 

 pressed, from the fourth and fifth segments. The posterior margins of the terga of the 

 third, fourth and fifth segments are deeply incised (Fig. 19 c). 



The terminal process of the male copulatory organ has a heavy foot-like base with a 

 strong and high heel from which the shaft runs straight for three-quarters of its length 

 (Fig. 28 b). At that point a short blunt process arises from its inner edge. Beyond it the 

 distal quarter of the terminal process bends gently inwards and its tip may be curled 

 forwards; the inner margin of this part is thin-walled. Of the twenty-five males in the 

 collection only six were mature. In the left petasma of the smallest of them, 21 mm. 

 long, the small blunt secondary process on the shaft of the terminal process was not 

 present ; it was present but very small in the right petasma.^ The proximal process tapers 

 from a fairly wide base to become narrow two-thirds of the way along it, and there bends 

 sharply inwards and widens. Its extremity is expanded into a membranous plate the 

 most of which lies in a plane between the horizontal and vertical, but the lower part 

 (uppermost in the figure) is curled over backwards and a little upwards. The lateral 

 process is hook-shaped ; on the hind side of the bend there may be a very small pro- 

 jection. The median lobe has a small additional process. 



Two hundred and thirty specimens were measured apart from larval and post-larval 

 forms. The largest specimens of both sexes were 29 mm. long. Only one of the females, 

 24 mm. long, was recorded as carrying spermatophores, though not all were examined. 

 There were only twenty-five males, and nineteen of them, including one 27 mm. long, 

 had incompletely formed petasmas and were therefore immature. The smallest of the 

 mature males was one 21 mm. long. 



A series of larval stages from the second Calyptopis upwards is described on pp. 294- 

 303. Ortmann's E. schotti and the young forms that Illig described as E. longirostris are 

 larval stages of E. sphufera. 



Distribution. All the previous records of E. spinifera except Sars' and Illig's (see 

 below), but including the series of larvae described by Illig as of E. longirostris, are from 

 positions in the southern hemisphere that fall within the subtropical Zone. 



It occurred at nearly all of our stations in the subtropical Zone and at one or two 

 just south of the subtropical convergence in the warmer sub-Antarctic water (Fig. 20) ; 

 at all of them the surface temperature was more than 1 1° C. But it was found, too, both 

 as adults and larvae, at a group of four stations well within the sub-Antarctic Zone 

 south of the Pacific in September where the surface temperatures were between 7-81 

 and 970° C. Only one specimen, a calyptopis larva, was taken at the southernmost and 



1 Bars' figure shows that it was present in the specimen he examined, Tattersall's that it was absent 

 from his. 



