1078 A TEXTBOOK OF THEORETICAL BOTANY 



lary to the leaves on the vegetative axes. As the leaves in this family are 

 opposite, the paired cymes are contiguous around the axis, forming a false- 

 whorl or verticillaster (Fig. 1046). 



Fig. 1046. — Sakta scJarea, with flowers in verticillasters. 



Monopodial inflorescences are numerous. In spite of an appearance of 

 simplicity they are all under suspicion of being actually reduced types, and 

 the presence in many cases of bracteoles on the flower stalks certainly sug- 

 gests that the individual flowers of such inflorescences are really the terminal 

 flowers of reduced dichasia. This is also true of many sohtary flowers, 

 e.g., Viola, where bracteoles are present on the flower stalks, but only 

 abnormally subtend additional flowers. 



The development of monopodial from sympodial types may have 

 followed more than one line, e.g., firstly, by the reduction of lateral cymes 

 to the status of single axillary flowers on monopodial vegetative shoots, thus 

 giving the appearance of a monopodial sequence of flowers, or secondly, 

 by a change in the order of flowering in a pleiochasium, the lower flowers 

 opening while the uppermost are still in bud. Strictly considered, the latter 

 change does not give a true monopodium, as there is still a terminal flower, 



