1962 



A TEXTBOOK OF THEORETICAL BOTANY 



irritability and will react again within half a minute. In the second stage 

 in anthesis, that is after a day in the male stage, the style is withdrawn 

 completely within the staminal tube. Some of the adhering pollen may be 

 scraped off the style in this movement but the majority remains attached in 

 a ring around the top of the staminal tube. In the case of hermaphrodite 

 flowers the style emerges again the following morning but at this stage it is 

 not sensitive to touch and the forked apex soon expands thereby exposing 

 the stigmatic papillae. 



In this case as in many others the ray florets curl over the disc florets 

 as a protection during the night and at the beginning of the fruiting stage. 



We shall mention two examples of the Cynareae; the first Echinops 

 ritro (Fig. 1891) and the second Centaur ea cyaniis. 



Fig. i8qi. — Ec/iinops ritro. A to F, Successive stages in anthesis, showing 

 the upgrowth of the style which is provided with two sets of sweeping 

 hairs, one above the other. The stigmatic surfaces remain unde\eloped 

 until all pollen has been removed and then expand, as in E and F. 



In the first example the heads, which are composed of one-flowered 

 capitula, are about 6 cm. in diameter and the florets develop from the apex 



