THE DICOTYLEDONES 1955 



source of the greenhouse " Cinerarias " and not the genus 

 Cineraria as might be expected. The former is a native of the 

 Canary Islands. 



9. Calenduleae. Capitula heterogamous. Ray florets usually ligulate 



and female, disc flowers male or sterile. Anthers pointed at the 

 base. Style undivided. Pappus absent. Receptacle without 

 scales. 

 The only genus included in this tribe is Calendula, the species of 

 which are annuals or perennials, occurring mainly round the 

 Mediterranean. C officinalis is the Marigold, frequently culti- 

 vated in gardens and formerly used as a culinary herb. A variety 

 is known in which each principal capitulum is surrounded by 

 others which spring from the axils of the involucral bracts. 



10. Arctotideae. Capitula heterogamous with ray florets ligulate, 



female or sterile and disc florets male or sterile. Anthers blunt 

 at the base, filaments inserted above the base. Style thickened 

 at or above the point of division or having a circle of hairs. 

 Pappus absent or if present not hairy. 

 Included in this tribe are the genera Arctotis and Gazania, which are 

 found chiefly in the tropics and in South Africa and Australia. 



11. Cynareae. Capitula homogamous or with sterile, rarely female, 



non-ligulate ray florets. Anthers usually tailed. Style thickened 

 or possessing either below or at the point of division a circle of 

 hairs. Involucre composed of many series of bracts increasing in 

 length inwards and often spiny. Receptacle usually bearing 

 bristles. Echinops, Arctium, Carlina, Carduus, Cirsium, Cynara, 

 Centaurea, Carthamus, Saussurea, Serratula and Silybum. 



The plants are mainly herbaceous with their chief centre of distri- 

 bution in the Mediterranean region. The tribe includes a number 

 of British species many of which are known under the general 

 name of the Thistles. 



The inflorescence is often compound and the leaves prickly or spiny. 

 We shall refer to this tribe later. 



12. Mutisieae. Capitula homogamous or heterogamous. Ray florets 



either absent or two-lipped, disc florets actinomorphic with 

 deeply divided limb or two-lipped. Barnadesia, Mutisia, Gerbera 

 and Stijftia. 

 The tribe is mainly developed in the Andean region of South 

 America, though species of Gerbera are found in Africa, Asia and 

 Tasmania. The genus Mutisia includes a number of shrubby 

 climbers some of which are cultivated in gardens in this country. 



I. Liguliflorae 



Corolla of all flowers ligulate. Oil-containing passages rare, but anasto- 

 mosing laticiferous vessels present. 



I. Cichorieae. Capitula homogamous. Corolla ligulate and five-toothed. 



