THE DICOTYLEDONES 1917 



The calyx is gamosepalous, usually consisting of five lobes. In Vero- 

 nica and Calceolaria the posterior sepal is suppressed. The calyx is usually 

 persistent. 



The corolla is gamopetalous, hypogynous and usually two-lipped. In 

 Verbascum it is nearly regular, while in Antirrhinum and Linaria it is 

 bilabiate and personate. In Veronica it is rotate and four-lobed, owing to 

 the fusion of the posterior pair of petals. 



The androecium is usually composed of four stamens which are 

 didynamous and epipetalous. In Verbascum the posterior stamen is present 

 and functional ; in Scrophularia and Pentstemon it is represented by a stami- 

 node while in Veronica and Calceolaria there are only two stamens, for the 

 anterior pair are also suppressed. 



The gynoecium is bicarpellary and syncarpous. The style is single 

 and the stigma two-lobed or entire. The ovary is superior and bilocular, 

 the partition lying in the transverse plane. The placentae are axile and 

 bear numerous anatropous ovules. 



The fruit is a capsule which either dehisces loculicidally or else the 

 walls may split only at the base or at the apex of the capsule, forming 

 pores through which the seeds are distributed. 



The seeds are endospermic and numerous, and the embryo is either 

 straight or slightly curved. 



Anatomically the family is characterized by the rich development of 

 epidermal hairs, often borne both on the stems and leaves. The stem is 

 round except in some species of Scrophularia and in Collinsia in which it is 

 four-angled. This, together with the form of the leaves and the fact that 

 the flowers are borne in verticillasters, gives this latter genus a superficial 

 resemblance to the Labiatae, though the flowers resemble the Papilionaceae. 



The family is an important one, although it is by no means one of the 

 largest families. There are about 3,000 species which are arranged in about 

 220 genera. 



According to Wettstein the family is classified as follows: 



I. Pseudosolanoideae 



The tw'o posterior corolla lobes cover the lateral lobes in the bud. 

 Leaves alternate. Five stamens often present. 



1. J^erbasceae. Corolla with very short tube or none, rotate or shortly 



campanulate. Verbascum and Celsia. 



2. Aptosimeae. Corolla with long tube. Aptosimum. 



II. Antirrhinoideae 



The lower leaves, at least, opposite; the posterior stamen either absent 

 or represented by a staminode. 



1. Calceolarieae. Corolla-two lipped, the lower lip being large and 



concave. Calceolaria. 



2. Hemimerideae. Corolla with no tube, spurred or saccate at the base. 



Alonsoay Hemimeris. 



3. Antirrhineae. Corolla two-lipped, tubular or sometimes spurred or 



