1918 A TEXTBOOK OF THEORETICAL BOTANY 



saccate at the base. Linaria, Antirrhinum, Nemesia and Rhodo- 

 c hit on. 



4. Cheloneae. Corolla two-lipped but not spurred or tubular. Fruit a 



capsule or a many-seeded berry. Inflorescence cymose. Collinsia, 

 Pentstemon, Scrophnlaria, Paulozvnia and Chelone. 



5. Mamdeae. Corolla two-lipped but not spurred or saccate. Fruit 



a capsule. Inflorescence not cymose, usually simple. Manulea 

 Zahizianskia and Lyperia. 



6. Gratioleae. Corolla two-lipped, flowers solitary or in racemose 



inflorescences. Minnihis, Gratiola and Torenia. 



7. Selagineae. Corolla two-lipped. Fruit a drupe or indehiscent. 



S el ago, Hehenstretia. 



III. Rhinanthoideae 



Corolla teeth all flat and divergent or the two upper ones erect. 



1. Digitaleae. Two upper corolla lobes often erect. Not parasitic. 



Veronica, Digitalis, Sibthorpia. 



2. Gerardieae. Corolla lobes flat and divergent or two upper ones 



erect. One anther lobe often reduced. Often parasites or semi- 

 parasites. Gerardia, Harveya, Hyobanche. 



3. Rhinantheae. (Sometimes considered as a separate family.) Upper 



corolla lobes forming a helmet-like lip. Parasites or semi- 

 parasites. Melanipyrum, Bartsia, Rhinanthus, Euphrasia, Pedi- 

 cularis, Odontites, Tozzia, Castilleja. 



The members of the sub-family Pseudosolanoideae may be tvpified by 

 the genus Verbascutn. The plants are large perennial or biennial herbs 

 with stout tap roots. The inflorescence is racemose but the lateral flowers 

 are often replaced by condensed dichasia. The corolla is nearly regular and 

 the flowers are open, with a very short tube. The plants are essentially 

 north temperate in distribution. Six species occur in Britain where they 

 are known as Mulleins. 



The flowers are pollinated by bees and flies. Nectar is secreted sparingly 

 on the inside of the petals. The bright yellow colour of the flowers is 

 further enhanced by the densely hairy stamens, which may be of a different 

 colour from the petals. The stamens and style project freely and pollination 

 by insects is a rather haphazard business, though usually the stigma ripens 

 first. Self-pollination however is quite efiicient, in fact it is sometimes 

 produced automatically by the movement of the stamens towards the style 

 as the flowers fade. (See also p. 131 1.) 



The Verbasceae are usually considered to be closely related to the 

 Salpiglossideae and hence serve as a link connecting the Scrophulariaceae 

 with the Solanaceae. Theydiffermarkedly however in the transverse position 

 of the septum in the Scrophulariaceae and its oblique position in the 

 Solanaceae. 



In the Antirrhinoideae we find a number of genera of more or less 

 common plants, some of which are found wild in Britain and others are 



