2156 A TEXTBOOK OF THEORETICAL BOTANY 



Plants", published in 1919, used a classification of the Coniferales which 

 expressed the views generally held by the last generation of British botanists: 



1. Araucarineae 6. Abietineae 



2. Cupressineae 7. Podocarpineae 



3. Callitrineae 8. Phyllocladineae 



4. Sequoineae 9. Taxineae 



5. Sciadopitineae 



Lotsy, however, in his " Stammesgeschichte", in 191 1, divided the 

 Coniferales, on the basis of the supposed simple or compound nature of the 

 female cones, into: 



I. Florales 2. Inflorescentiales 



(a) Podocarpineae (a) Taxineae 



(b) Araucarineae (b) Taxodineae 



(c) Cupressineae (c) Abietineae 



Coulter and Chamberlain in their " Morphology of Gymnosperms", 

 published in 1917, divided the Coniferales into the following groups: 



I, Pinaceae 2. Taxaceae 



(a) Abietineae (a) Podocarpineae 



(b) Taxodineae {b) Taxineae 

 (r) Cupressineae 



(d) Araucariineae 



In 1935, when these authors published their " Gymnosperms, Structure 

 and Evolution", the full classification of the sub-phylum had become: 



A. Cycadophytes a Pinares 



1. Cycadofilicales (a) Abietaceae 



2. Bennettitales (b) Taxodiaceae 



3. Cycadales (c) Cupressaceae 



B. Coniferophytes ^^ (^) Araucariaceae 



1. Cordaitales t^- Taxares 



2. Ginkgoales («) Podocarpaceae 



3. Coniferales (^) Taxaceae 



The Pinares and Taxares are due to Buchholz, and correspond to the 

 Pinaceae and Taxaceae of Coulter and Chamberlain's earlier system. 



Among the recent types the position of the Taxaceae has given rise to 

 most controversy, but there is a considerable amount of support for the view 

 that they should form a separate order, the Taxales, and we have adopted 

 this opinion, in principle, in the text, while leaving open the question of the 

 limits of the proposed order. 



With regard to fossil Coniferales, it must be considered that we are 

 still imperfectly informed about the reproductive structures of most of the 

 Mesozoic Conifers. The recent extensive researches of Florin on the 

 epidermal structure of these Mesozoic Conifers has gone a long way to clear 



