338 DISCOVERY REPORTS 



it. Agardh (183 1) published the name Licmophora abbreviata, based on Lyngbye's 

 Echinella. This has been accepted by Hustedt (1931), but as Agardh adds little to the 

 description and offers no illustration, we are thrown back entirely on to Lyngbye's 

 species, which I am unable to accept. In any case the combination Licmophora abbreviata 

 is illegal, for if the organism named by Agardh was identical with Lyngbye's species, 

 the name should have been Licmophora citneata. 



Podosphenia abbreviata Ehrenberg (1838) has also been used for this organism, but 

 we find that Ehrenberg's name was based upon earlier names, including Echinella 

 cuneata Lyngbye, all of which Ehrenberg himself questioned. In this case the doubtful 

 synonyms quoted by Ehrenberg can be entirely disregarded and Podosphenia abbreviata 

 Ehrenberg must stand by itself. Even if we are satisfied that our organism is identical 

 with Podosphenia abbreviata Ehrenberg (1838), we cannot accept the specific epithet in 

 the combination Licmophora abbreviata as that name was preoccupied (Agardh, 183 1). 

 The next name associated with this organism was Podosphenia Lyngbyei Kiitzing (1844), 

 and again Echinella cuneata Lyngbye was given as a synonym. Whether Kiitzing made 

 an error of identification or not is a matter of no importance to us, for although we might 

 still refuse to accept Lyngbye's species, the description and illustration provided by 

 Kiitzing undoubtedly refer to the specimen we have under consideration, and we are 

 thus provided for the first time with a name we can use. It might be suggested that 

 Kiitzing should have made the combination Podosphenia cuneata if he was satisfied with 

 Lyngbye's species; but this he could not do, as that name was preoccupied {vide 

 Kiitzing, 1844), and he was forced to provide a new epithet. 



Grunow in Van Heurck (1880-85) supplies the new combination Licmophora Lyng- 

 byei, based on Podosphenia Lyngbyei Kiitzing. Grunow's name has been adopted in this 

 work, as it proved to be correct within the meaning of the Rules of Nomenclature, and 

 it enables us to establish beyond all doubt the identity of our organism. 



Observed at Sts. 304, 542, 544; WS 708; MS 89, 90, 92, 95, 97, 98, 99, 100, 103. 



Genus Grammatophora Ehrenberg 

 Ehrenberg, 1840 a 



Grammatophora kerguelensis Karsten. 

 Karsten, 1905, p. 125, pi. 17, fig. 14. 



Cells united by their corners to form zigzag chains. Valves narrow, and mostly flat, 

 having slight median and terminal inflations, apices rounded. Valve surface furnished 

 with fine transverse striation. Connective zone well developed; it shows the charac- 

 teristic septa which penetrate the valve entirely, leaving free a small central area only, 

 usually occupied by the nucleus. The septa undulate slightly. Chromatophores : 

 numerous small vermiform bodies. Apical axis of cell 120^, transapical axis 12-16^. 



A neritic and littoral diatom, seldom found in the plankton proper; chiefly epiphytic 

 upon rocks and larger algae. 



Observed at St. WS 481. 



