94 E. A. Vainio, Pyrenocarpeae. 



5. St. clopima (Ach.) Th. Fr. 



Lich. Arct. (1860) p. 263 p. p., Lich. Spitsb. (1867) p. 48; Vain. 

 Adj. Lich. Lapp. II (1883) p. 167, Lich. Caucas. (1899) p. 339; A. Smith 

 Mon. Brit. Lich. II (1911) p. 311; Zschacke Hedwigia 1914 p. 188. 

 Verrucaria clopima Wahlenb. in Ach. Meth. Lich. Suppl. (1803) p. 20, 

 Lich. Univ. (1810) p. 287; Norrl. Bidr. Sydostr. Tav. Fl. (1870) p. 194, 

 Ber. Torn. Lapp. (1873) p. 343; Stizenb. Lich. Helv. (1882) p. 232 (Hue 

 Addend. Lich. Eur. II, 1888, p. 274 hue non pertinet). Pyrenula clopima. 

 Ach. Syn. Lich. (1814) p. 120. Verrucaria umbrina var. clopima Nyl 

 Coll. Gall. Merid. (1853) p. 9, Prodr. Lich. Gall. (1857) p. 425 (179), Exp. 

 Pyrenoc. (1858) p. 21. Stigmatomma clopimum Koerb. Syst. Lich. Germ. 

 (1855) p. 339, Par. Lich. 4 Lief. (1863) p. 329; Winter Ueb. Sphaeromph. 

 (1875) p. 273, tab. XVII f. 3, tab. XIX f. 15 1; Arn. Lich. Jur. (Fl. 1885) 

 p. 239, Lich. Tirol XXV (1893) p. 361, XXX ( 1897) p. 34, Lich. Munch. ( 1891 ) 

 p. 108. Verrucaria umbrina *V. clopima Nyl. Lich. Scand. (1861) p. 269- 

 Polymastia clopima Jatta Fl. It. Crypt. Lich. p. 850. Stigmatomma cata- 

 leptum Koerb. Syst. Lich. Germ. (1855) p. 338, Par. Lich. (1863) p. 330; 

 Arn. Lich. Tirol XXI (1880) p. 145 (haud Verrucaria fuscella ,3. catalepta 

 Ach. Lich. Univ. p. 290). 



Exs. Zwackh Lich. Exs. (1850) n. 27, (1858) n. 313, (1880) n. 619. 



— Hepp Flecht. Eur. I (1851) n. 101, 102, IV (1867) n. 949. — Koerb. 

 Lich. Sel. Germ. I (1856) n. 27, VIII (1861) n. 232, XIII (1873) n. 380. 



— Mass. Lich. It. Exs. I (1856) n. 30 A— C. — Rabenh. Lich. Eur. Exs. 

 XVII (1859) n. 495, XXXIII (1871) n. 894. Anzi Lich. Rar. Langob. 

 VI (1861) n. 234 B. — Anzi Lich. Min. Rar. It. VIII (1865) n. 397, 398, 

 399. _ j ac k, Leiner et Stizenb. Crypt. Bad. VIII (1864) p. 846. - - Arn. 

 Lich. Exs. (1877) n. 723 A, (1881) n. 723 B, (1882) n. 948, (1893) n. 1591 

 (sec. Arn. et determ. Nyl.). — Arn. Lich. Monac. Exs. (1892) n. 256,257. 



Thallus tenuis aut crassus, rimoso-diffractus aut areo- 

 latus (aut raro continuus), fusco-nigricans aut rarius cinereo- 

 fuscescens vel griseo-cinerascens, opacus. Apothecia dispersa 

 aut partim sat crebra, vulgo areolis thalli semiimmersa, ver- 

 rucas formantia hemisphaericas, 0.3— 0.2 mm latas, nigras, 

 nudas, (in v. mamillata elevata et amphithecio thallino O.e — 

 0.4 mm lato obducta), margine ostiolari nee prominente nee 

 impresso, ostiolo minuto, interdum leviter foveolato. Peri- 

 thecium globosum, parte denudata fuscescente, ceterum 

 pallidum. Sporae binae, fuscescentes, long. circ. O.032— O.042, 

 crass. O.010—O.022 mm. Gonidia hymenialia oblonga aut elli- 

 psoidea aut rarius elongata, simplicia long. O.ooe— O.012, crass. 

 0.003—0.0045 mm, septata long. -O.ois mm, saepe 1-septata, 

 raro 2 — 3-septata. 



