88 E. A. Vainio, Pyrenocarpeae. 



1. St. fissa (Tayl.) Th. Fr. 



Points-tort. Skand. Vaxt. (1880) p. 97; Vain. Adj. Lich. Lapp. II 

 (1883) p. 97; Lang Lich. Savon. Bor. (Act. Soc. F. Fl. Fenn. 34, 1909) 

 p. 42; Zschacke Hedwigia 1914 p. 185, 1919 p. 1. Verracaria fissa Tayl. 

 in Mackay Fl. Hib. II (1836) p. 95. Endocarpon fissum Leight. Brit. Ang. 

 Lich. (1851) p. 20, t. VI f. 3 (specim. orig. delin.). Sphaeromphale fissa 

 Koerb. Syst. Lich. Germ. (1855) p. 335, Par. Lich. 4 Lief. (1863) p. 331; 

 Arn. Lich. Tirol XIII (1874) p. 19 (249), XXI (1880) p. 106, XXV (1893) 

 p. 386, XXX (1897) p. 34; Winter Ueb. Sphaeromph. (Pringsh. Jahrb. 

 10, 1875) tab. XVII f. 1, 4, 5, tab. XVIII f. 12, XIX f. 15 a, b. Polyma- 

 stia fissa Jatta Fl. It. Crypt. Lich. p. 851. Verrucaria umbrina Wahlenb. 

 Fl. Suec. (1826) p. 871 p. p. (sec. Nyl. Lich. Scand., 1861, p. 269, haud 

 Ach., conf. infra); Fr. Lich. Eur. Ref. (1831) p. 441 (sec. Th. Fr. Lich. 

 Arct. p. 270); Nyl. Exp. Pyrenoc. (1858) p. 21 p. p., Lich. Lapp. Or. 

 (1866) p. 169; Norrl. Bidr. Sydostr. Tav. Fl. (1870) p. 194, Ber. Torn. 

 Lappm. (1873) p. 343, Fl. Kar. Oneg. II (1876) p. 38; Vain. Fl. Tav. Or. 

 (1878) p. 120, Lich. Vib. (1878) p. 71. Staurothele umbrinum A. Smith 

 Mon. Brit. Lich. II (1911) p. 311. Endocarpon lithinum Leight. Brit. Ang. 

 Lich. (1851) p. 19, t. 6 f. 2 (non Verr. lithina Ach., conf. infra). 



Exs. Fr. Lich. Suec. Exs. XIV (1833) n. 415,417. - - Zwackh Lich. 

 Exs. (1851) n. 105, (1882) n. 729. — Leight. Lich. Brit. Exs. Ill (1852) 

 n. 98 p. p. (sec. A. Sm. 1. c). • Hepp Flecht. Eur. I (1853) n. 103. — 

 Anzi Lich. Rar. Lang. VI (1861) n. 234 A. — Erb. Crit. It. (1866) n. 

 397 (1397), sec. Arn. - Norrl. et Nyl. Herb. Lich. Fenn. VIII (1882) n. 

 398. — Havaas Lich. Norv. Exs. (1907) n. 397. Malme Lich. Suec. 



Exs. XXVII (1917) n. 672 (sec. cit). 



Thallus sat tenuis aut rarius modice incrassatus, laevi- 

 gata, continuus aut crebre areolato-rimosus, fuscescens aut 

 rarius fusco-nigricans aut olivaceo-fuscescens aut obscure 

 cinereus, opacus. Apothecia sat crebra, verrucas formantia 

 mastoideo-hemisphaericas, O.35— 0.5 mm latas, lateribus haud 

 praeruptis, amphithecio obducta thallino, tenui, laevigato, 

 thallo concolore, at apice anguste nigricante et saepe demum 

 denudato, ostiolo minuto, saepe leviter foveolato. Perithe- 

 cium globosum, vertice fusco-rufescens, ceterum pallidum. 

 Sporae binae, rufescentes fuscescentesve, long. 0.036 — 0.048 r 

 crass. O.012—O.020 mm (long. - O.oei, crass. — O.023 mm sec. 

 annot. Nyl.). Gonidia hymenialia globosa aut subglobosa, 

 simplicia diam. O.003— O.005 mm, partim 2— 4-cellulosa aut raro 

 glomerulosa. 



