58 E. A. Vainio, Pyrenocarpeae. 



Exs. Floerk. Deutsch. Lich. VII (1821) n. 131 p. p. (sec. Schaer. 

 Enum. Lich. Eur. p. 210). - - Fr. Lich. Suec. Exs. XIII (1827) n. 388.- 

 Leight. Lich. Brit. Exs. I (1851) n. 33 (infer.). — Koerb. Lich. Sel. 

 Germ. VI (1857) n. 173 [„V. mauro : i. memnonia (Flot.)" Koerb.J. — 

 Rabenh. Lich. Eur. Exs. XIII (1858) n. 385. — Hepp Flecht. Eur. Ill 

 (1860) n. 716. - Fellm. Lich. Arct. (1864) n. 213, 214. — Arn. Lich. Exs. 

 (1890) n. 1507. — Malme Lich. Suec. Exs. XII (1912) n. 300. 



Thallus sat tenuis aut modice incrassatus [aut raro 

 crassus sec. Th. Fr.], rimuloso-diffractus areolisque minutis 

 aut continuus, laevigatus, nigricans aut fusco-nigricans aut 

 raro cinereo-nigricans vel fumoso-cinereus, opacus aut sat 

 opacus, subtus et partim intus nigricans et hypothallo con- 

 fusus. Apothecia sat crebra aut dispersa, verrucas formantia 

 0.3 — 0.6 mm latas, hemisphaericas aut conoideo-hemisphae- 

 ricas aut raro depresso-convexas basique in thallum sensim 

 abeuntes, amphithecio thallino thalloque concolore late aut 

 raro tota obducta. Perithecium hemisphaericum, fuligineum, 

 integrum, lateribus angulatis productisve, margine ostiolari 

 saepe demum leviter prominente, ostiolo parvo, haud im- 

 presso (aut raro in nonnullis apotheciis demum impresso). 

 Sporae ellipsoideae aut oblongae, long. O.009 — O.on, crass. 

 O.005 — O.009 mm. 



Distr. Ad saxa marina littoralia aut sublittoralia fre- 

 quenter. Specimina vidi ex Alandia, reg. Aboensi, Hoglandia 

 et alibi in Nylandia, Merikarvia in Satakunta, Kristina in 

 Ostrobotnia austr., Triostroff in Lapponia Ponojensi, Olenji 

 in Lapponia Murmanica, Petsamo in Lapponia Tulomensi. 



Thallus in parte superiore ex hyphis verticalibus formatus, 

 in superficie plectenparenchymaticus, seriebus cellularum circ. 

 duabus superpositis, cavitatibus diam. O.003 — O.002 mm, membranis 

 modice inrassatis, in parte interiore hyphis O.002 mm crassis, 

 areolis gonidia continentibus O.060 — O.040 mm latis, strato nigri- 

 cante cinctis. Gonidia pleurococcoidea, globosa, simplicia diam. 

 O.005 — O.008 mm, saepe 2( — 4)-cellulosa, membrana modice in- 

 crassata. Perithecium subviolaceo- aut fusco-fuligineum, superne 

 crassum, basi tenue aut tenuius, interdum columella centrali fuli- 

 ginea instructum. Periphyses long. circ. O.020 — O.030, crass. O.0015 

 mm. Paraphyses in gelatinam diffluxae. Asci ventricosi, mem- 

 brana gelatinosa. Sporae 8:nae, distichae, apicibus rotundatis 



