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A TEXTBOOK OF THEORETICAL BOTANY 



or granular, called mitochondria. In the cytoplasm are usually spaces, 

 the vacuoles, empty in appearance but filled with cell-sap. They may 

 coalesce into a single large vacuole filling the central part of the cell. 



2. The nucleus consists of a nuclear membrane, enclosing a limpid, 

 semi-solid material, the karyolymph. In this is suspended a hollow 



A 



B 



C 





D 





G 



H 



Fig. i8. — Diagram of somatic cell division. A, B, C, D, Stages of prophase showing 

 the formation of chromonemata and chromosomes. E, Metaphase. The spindle 

 fibres are shown attached to the kinetachores of the divided chromosomes. 

 F, Anaphase. The diaster stage. G, H, J, Stages of telophase showing the 

 reconstruction of the nucleoli and the formation of the new cell wall. (After Sharp.) 



