Carbohydrates 



Carotinoids 



Carbohy'drates, (Carbon + Hydrate), 

 non-volatile solids, as arabic acid, 

 cellulose, dextrin, starch, sugar ; the 

 non-saccliarine members may be 

 turned into sugars by boiling in 

 dilute acids, usually into glucose 

 (dextrose). 



Car'bon Diox'ide = C02 ; carbona'ceous 

 ( + ACEOUS), (1) consisting chiefly of 

 substances in which carbon predom- 

 inates ; (2) resembling charcoal, in 

 colour or substance ; carb'onised, 

 turned into nearly pure carbon by 

 slow combustion, as charcoal. 



Carbozy'mase (C^m, leaven), an enzyme 

 occurring in yeast. 



Car'cerule, Career a I us {career, prison), 



(1) Desvaux's name for a dry, in- 

 dehiscent, many celled, superior 

 fruit, such as that of the lime-tree ; 



(2) it has also ])een employed for the 

 sporangia of some Fungi ; carcer'u- 

 la,T,carcerula'ris, having a carcerule 

 fruit. 



Carcino'des (KapKivciSrjs, cancerous dis- 

 ease) and Carcino'ma (Kapnivccfxa, 

 cancerous ulcer), have been used 

 to denote Cankei'v and kindred 

 diseases. 



Carcith'ium J or Carcyth'ium I {Kap- 

 itivova-dai, to become entangled, as 

 roots), Necker's word for Mycelium ; 

 Carcy'tes, + = Myceliijm. 



card'mal {cardinalis, princijjal), ap- 

 plied by Malinvaud to those species 

 Avhich cannot be reduced ; Card'inal- 

 .erade, points of temperature, («) 

 lowest, (0) optimal, and (c) highest, 

 at which vital I'unctions can be 

 performed (Kirchner). 



Carene' (Fr. ,Cari-ne) = C.viuna, keel ; 

 has lieen used for the keel or midril) 

 in the leaves of grasses. 



Carice'tum, a plant-association of 

 Career (Warming). 



Caricog'raphy {Carex, Car ids, ypa(p-n, 

 writing), a treatise on Cyperaceac, 

 sedges, from the geims Carcx, tiie 

 largest in the order ; Caricorogist 

 {Koyos, discourse), a writer on sedges. 



Car'ies (Lat. , rottenness), putridity, 

 decay. 



Cari'ua, (Lat., keel) ; (1) the two an- 



terior petals of a papilionaceous 

 flower, or similar organ ; (2) the 

 keel of the glume of grasses ; (3) 

 the principal nerve of a sepal ; 

 cari'nal, relating to the keel in 

 aestivation when the carina includes 

 the other parts of the flower ; ~ 

 Canal', in Equisetavi, a water canal 

 on the inner side of the xylem, op- 

 posite a ridge on the surface of the 

 stem ; carina'lis, that side of the 

 fruit of Umbelliferae which repre- 

 sents the carina, or principal nerve 

 of the adherent calyx ; car'inate, 

 carina' tus, keeled; carina'to-pli- 

 ca'tus, plaited so that each fold re- 

 semljles a keel, as the peiistome of 

 some Mosses. 



Cariop'side, Cariop'sis {Kcipvov, a nut ; 

 6\l>is, resemblance), a one-celled, one- 

 seeded, superior fruit, with pericarp 

 united to the seed ; the iruit of 

 cereals; cariopsid'eous, having a cari- 

 o})sis as fruit, also spelled Cauyoi'SIs. 



car'iose, Ctirio'sus, car'ious, decayed ; 

 cario'so-can'cellate, used of Lichens 

 becoming latticed by decay. 



Car'mine (Mediaeval \j\.it. , car mcsinus), 

 the purest red pigment obtainable, 

 without admixture of blue or yellow. 



carna'tion, [caniatio, fleshiness), llesh- 

 coloured. [Wheat ear Carnation is 

 a monstrous state of that flower with 

 multiplied bracts.] 



carn'eous, .-■((/•?«>' /<5 (Lat. , of flesh), flesh- 

 coloured ; Carniv'orism, the condi- 

 tion of insect ivurous plants ( Haillon); 

 Carniv'orophyte {<pvrhv, a ])lant), a 

 carnivorous or flesh-digesting plant ; 

 carniv'orouB {voro, I devour), flesh - 

 eating ; ap[)lied to those plants which 

 di^^est insects; Carno'sitas (Lat.), 

 fleshiness ; carn'ose, carn'ous, car- 

 no'sxLs (Lat.), fleshy, jmlpy ; Ca'ro 

 (Lat., flesh), (1) the llesliy parts 

 of fruits ; (2) the tissue of some 

 Fungi. 



Caro'tin, (1) the red colouring-matler 

 of chromoplasts ; name ironx Daucus 

 Caruta, Linn. ; pi. Caro'tins ; (2) a 

 group of red and yellow colouring- 

 matters (Czapek) ; also styled Caro'- 

 tinoids (elSos, leseniblance) (Tswett). 



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