tmemit 



tonioA 



tuied in setting free a Moss-gemma 

 (Correns). 



tofa'ceuB (Lat, formed of tufa), (1) 

 tufa-coloured, buffy drab ; (2) gritty. 



Toiie (Fr., a fatliom), a measure for- 

 merly used in France, 6*396 feet, 

 1-9492 metre, 6 French feet. 



Tolu', a resinous exudation from 

 Myr&xylon tolui/erum, H. B. K. 



to'mentose, toirunto'sus, tomen'toas, 

 densely pubescent with matted wool, 

 or short hairs ; tomen'tuloie, slightly 

 tomentose ; Tomen'tum (Lat., cush- 

 ioning), (1) pubescence ; (2) X ^Y' 

 celium. 



Tomiliar'es, a sclerophyllous vegetation 

 witli small rainfall and dry air. 



tomip'arous {r6fi'n, a cutting; pario, 

 I produce), Bory applies the term 

 to all plants which reproduce them- 

 selves by fission ; Tom'ianffe (i'y7«roi', 

 a vessel), the organ which produces 

 ToMiES ; Tom'ie, pi. Tom'ieB, Van 

 Tieghem's name for asexual .repro- 

 ductive bodies which are neither 

 Spores nor Diodes, living cells 

 which do not arise from an adult 

 stage, but produce an adult indi- 

 'idual direct ; Tom'io^one {y6vos, 

 offspring), the organ \vhich produces 



TOMIES. 



Tongue = Lioule ; tonjpie- shaped, 



long, nearly fiat, fleshy and rounded 

 at the tip, as the leaves of some 

 Aloes. 

 Tone'ais {rivosy strain), Massart's tenn 

 to express the ability of an organism 

 to exhibit a strain ; Ton'ie, orTon'y, 

 tlie unit of pressure expressed by 

 the action of the Dyne on a square 

 centimetre (Errera) ; Ton'oboles, -ae 

 {&o\^, a throw), plants distributing 

 the seeds by tension of the carpels 

 (Clements) ; Tono'iii, changes in 

 turgescertce due to intercellular os- 

 motic force ; Ton'oplait {ir\aarhs, 

 moulded), De Vries^s term for a 

 vaeuolar living membrane, control- 

 Jiug the pressure of the cell- sap ; 

 Tonotax'is {ra^is, order), sensitive- 

 ness to osmotic variation (Beyeriuck); 

 Tonot'ropism (rpoir^, a turning), re- 

 spoiiiie to osmotic stimulus. 



Tooth, see Teeth ; toothed, dentate ; 

 Toothlet, a small or secondary 

 tooth ; toothletted, finely denticu- 

 late (Lindley). 



top-shaped, inversely conical. 



Topia''ria, pi. (Lat.), ornamental gar- 

 dening ; topia'rian, top'iary, relat- 

 ing to the same, especially used of 

 trees and shrubs clipped into formal 

 shapes. 



topical [roitiKhs, local), local, confined 

 to a limited area. 



topha'ceous, = tofaceu8'(2). 



Topoehemotas'is {r6iros, a place, -f 

 Chemotaxis) ; = strophic Chemo- 

 TAXI8 ; adj. topoohemotact'ie ; Topo- 

 galvanotax'is ( -f Galvanotaxis), 

 attraction towards the stimulus by 



falvanic action ; Topograph'ic(7p<f (^«, 

 write), (1) place-cnanges due to 

 water, wind, gravity, etc. ; (2) used 

 of stable plant- formations where the 

 prevailing factors are physiographic 

 and edaphic (Crampton) ; Topophoto- 

 taz'is (+ Phototaxis), movement 

 towards the place whence the light 

 comes; Topotazls {rd^is, order), 

 attraction to some stimulus and 

 movement towards it; adj. topo- 

 taot'ic ; Topot'ropism {rpoirii, a turn- 

 ing), turning towards a place whence 

 a stimulus proceeds ; Top'otype 

 (ruirdr, a type), a specimen of a 

 named species from the original 

 locality. 



Tor'als {torus, a bed), Bessey's pro- 

 posed name for Thalamiflorae. 



torfa'ceus, tur/o'sus (Henslow), grow- 

 ing in bogs. 



torlloid, resembling Torilis in habit. 



torn, when marginal incisions are deep 

 and irregular. 



tor'ose, t<yro'ms (Lat., fleshy, brawny), 

 cylindric, with contractions or swell- 

 ings at intervals; the diminutive 

 is torulo'sus. 



Tor'sion, a spiral twisting or bending ; 

 ap'ical '-', lateral displacement of 

 the apical cell in certain Mosses, 

 resulting in the twisting of the 

 resultant stem (Correns) ; antid'- 

 romous '^ , against the direction of 

 twining, as may be caused by fric- 



386 



