Bespiration 



Retinaculum 



Bespira'tion {respiratio, breathing), 

 the gaseous interchange between 

 the plant and the air in which the 

 plant absorbs oxygen, and gives off 

 carbon dioxide ; aero'bic '-' , cairied 

 out by an enzyme in the preseuce of 

 oxygen ; anaero'bic -^ , performed 

 by a catalytic enzyme in the absence 

 of free oxygen; ferment'ative '-', 

 due to enzyme action, possibly an 

 exaggerated anaerobic function 

 (Barnes) ; Insula 'tion ~, the plant 

 gives off oxygen in the decomposition 

 of vegetable acids ; Inter'nal ^ , 

 gives off carbon dioxide, but does 

 not absorb free oxygen, as in yeast- 

 fermentation ; Nor'mal ~' , as defined: 

 Vincula'tion -^ , oxygen is absorbed, 

 but no carbon dioxide is given off; 

 it occurs in the early stages of ger- 

 mination of oily seeds (Detmer) ; 

 adj. respi'ratory, as '- Cav'ity, -' 

 Cham'ber = Stomatic Chamber ; 

 ^ Equiv'alent, the percentage of 

 carbon which has re-appeared in a 

 given body as carbon dioxide ( Watcr- 

 mann) ; cf. Plastic Equivalent ; 

 Respirom'eter {fifrpoy, a measure), 

 an instrument to measui'e gaseous 

 exchange in respiring material as 

 germinating seeds (Ganong). 



Best, induced in cold climates by low- 

 ness of temperature, in hot climates 

 by want of moisture ; res'ting, iii a 

 dormant state; '~ Cell, an isolated 

 cell which has passed into a quiescent 

 state ; -^ Nu'cleus, a nucleus not in 

 tlie act of division ; -' Pe'riod, the 

 time during which dormancy is 

 maintained, the involution perioa; <-' 

 Spor'ange, in Saproleynia occasion- 

 ally formed on old mycelia, their 

 contents being zoospores ; '^ Spo- 

 ran'gium, dormant gonidia of such 

 Fungi as Saprolegnia, which ulti- 

 mately give rise to swannspores ; '^ 

 Spore, a spore with a thick integu- 

 ment," needing time before germin- 

 ating, usually passing the winter or 

 dry season in a dormant state ; <-' 

 Stage, the resting period ; -^ State, 

 quiescence, as of winter spores, or 

 dormant bulbs ; -^ Swarm-Cell, 



naked masses of protoplasm with 

 amoeboid motion, in Confervaceae. 



res'tant (Crozier) ; res'tans (Lat., 

 standing still), persistent. 



restib'ilis (Lat., restored), perennial. 



Besolu'tion {resolzUio, an untying), the 

 division of a coenocyte into uni- 

 nucleate cells (Hartog). 



Besting'a, a Brazilian forest, forming 

 a transition from the littoral to the 

 xercphytic forests ("Warming). 



resu'piuate, resupina'tus (Lat., bent 

 back), upside down, or apparently 

 so, as when the hjrmenium of a 

 Fungus is uppermost. 



Besurrec'tioD. Plants, those which 

 after being diied, when placed in 

 water assume their living position, 

 ^s Anastatica and Sdagin^lla lepi- 

 dophylla, Spring. 



Beta'ma Bushland, in the South of 

 Spain, may be regarded as allied to 

 shrub steppe : the name is Spanish 

 for Genista and similar shrubs. 



Betarda'tion, the influence of light on 

 giowth in certain structures. 



Be'te (Lat., a net), network ; retie'- 

 ulate, reticula'tus, netted like net- 

 work, as in certain cell-thickening ; 

 ~ veined, netted veined ; reticu: . 

 la'ted Ves'sel, one with netted 

 thickenings (Crozier) ; Reticula'tion, 

 network, the regular crossings of 

 threads; Betic'uloplasm(+ Plasma) 

 = Alveolarplasm ; Betio'alnm 

 (Lat., a little net), (1) a membrane 

 of cross-fibres found in Palms at the 

 base of the petiole; (2) applied to 

 the network of linin in the nucleus ; 

 retif ©ru« t {/ero, I bear), re'tiform, 

 retiform/is {forma^ shape), appar- 

 ently netted. 



retina culate, possessing Reti^^acula. 



retinacula'tuB (Lat.), hooked J Be- 

 tina'culum (Lat., a tether), (1) the 

 gland to which one or more pollinia 

 are attached in Orchids ; (2) in 

 Asclepiads, a horny elastic body to 

 which the pollen-masses are fixed, 

 the Corpusculum of Bentham, Pol- 

 len-carrier of N. E. Brown, Trans- 

 lator of the Germans ; (3) the funicle 

 in most Acanthsweae, which is carved 



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