Foyeola 



Fructification 



Isoetes, a small depression above the 

 fovea, from which the ligule springs ; 

 fov'eolate, fovenla'lus, marked with 

 small pitting. 

 Fovil'la {foveo, I nourish), the con- 

 tents of the pollen grain. 

 Fox'glove-sh&ped, lil<e the corolla of 



Digitalis ; digitaliform. 

 frac'idus (Lat., mellpw), of a pasty 



texture, between fleshy and pulpy. 

 Frac'tional (fractio, a breakinj?) cul- 

 t'ures, cf. Separation Cultures ; 

 Fractiona'tion, in biology denoting 

 variation due to the quantitative 

 disintegration of factors (Hateson). 

 Fragmenta'tion {fragmentum, a piece), 

 Van Benedeu's term for direct divi- 

 sion of the nucleus. 

 Fran'g^lin, a yellow crystalline body 

 from the parenchyma of Rhamnus 

 Frangula, Linn. 

 Fraternity {fraternifas, a brother-' 



hood), see Adelphia. 

 Fraxine'tum, an association of ash- 

 trees ; Frax'inin, a principle existing 

 in the bark of the ash, Fraximis 

 excelsior, Linn. 

 free, not adhering, the reverse of 

 adnate ; Free-cell, a cell formed by 

 '^ Cell-forma'tion, the production 

 of new cells from several nuclei 

 within the mother-cell, as in 

 pollen ; endogenous cell-formation. 

 Fren'ching, a disease caused by 

 Fusarinm vasinfcctum, Atkins., in 

 the leaf of the cotton-plant 

 (Tubeuf). 

 fre'quent, used of a species often 



occurring. 

 Frigida'rium (Lat., the cool room), 

 in botanic gardens applied to the 

 Orangery, or Temperate Ho^ise with 

 simple exclusion of frost. 

 Frlgofu'ges {frigidvs, cold ; fugio, I 

 flee), plants which shun low tem- 

 peratiires ; Frigorideser'ta, pi. 

 l/rigidiis, cold ; + Deseut), cold 

 deserts with vegetation of herba< eous 

 perennials, frequently of tufted 

 growth ; tliey are nearest to the 

 poles of any desert. 

 Frill = Armilla. 

 Fringe, used by Sir W. J. Hooker for 



the peristome of Mosses; fringed, 

 margined with hair-like appendages ; 

 fimbriate. 

 Frond, Frons (Lat., a leaf), (1) the 

 foliage of Ferns and other Crypto- 

 gams ; (2) the leaves of Palms, ac- 

 cording to Linnaeus ; — -gen'us, a 

 genus described solely from fronds, 

 as of Ferns ; frondesce', to unfold 

 leaves ; Frondes'cence, Fronde seen' - 

 tia, (1) vernation; (2) phyllody ; 

 (.3) by Morren restricted to the forma- 

 tion of leaf-like organs in the place 

 of petals ; see also Virescence ; 

 frondif erous {fe,ro, I bear), produc- 

 ing fronds ; fron'diform {forma, 

 shape), like the fronds of Ferns ; 

 frondip'arous ( pario, I bring forth), 



(1) beariy^ fronds; (2) the mon- 

 strous production of leaves instead 

 of fruit • Fron'dlet, a small frond ; 

 fron'dose, fron'dous, frondo'sus 

 (Lat., full of leaves), (1) leafy; 



(2) frond-like or bearing fronds : --' 

 Thal'lus, foliaceous thallus ; Fron'- 

 dula, Fron'dules, used by J. Smith 

 for the main stems of Sekiqinella. 



Front, of a Diatom, is that view 

 which has the ciugulum facing 

 and the valves fore-shortened in 

 side view. 



Front-cav'ity, the outer cavity of a 

 stoma; in Ger. "Vorhof." 



Frost-cracks, longitudinal cracks in 

 the bark due to sudden reduction 

 of temperature ; Frost-rib, callus 

 caused by growth after a rise of 

 temperature of a Frost-crack, and 

 consequent closing of the wound ; 

 frost'ed, with a surface having the 

 appearance of hoar frost. 



Fructes'cence, Fructcscen'lia {frucius, 

 fruit), the time of maturity of 

 fruit. 



fructiferous [frudifer, fruit-bearing), 

 producing or bearing fruit; Ca'lyx 

 fruc'tifer, the fruiting calyx. 



Fructification, Fructifica'tio (Lat.), 

 (1) fruiting; (2) in Cryptogams, 

 the result of the sexual act; (3) 

 any sporogenous structure or an 

 aggregate of them ; double -^ . 

 dimorphic fructification in Algae. 



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