APPENDIX A 



SIGNS AND ABBREVIATIONS 



® annual, usually monocarpic ; (also 

 = therophytes). 



(D strictly annual. 



@ or ® biennial. 



"H. perennial; (also = hemicrypto- 

 phytes). 



^ a tree, or with a woody trunk; 

 (also = chamaephytes). 



<J male; $ female; $ or ^ herma- 

 phrodite (used when it is excep- 

 tional). (J also used for antheridia. 

 $ also used for oogamia. 



00 indefinite, employed when the 

 number is too great to be easily 

 counted, as stamens or ovules. 



X hybrid; when placed between the 

 names of species, to be read as 

 " fertilized with » pollen from " ; 

 also used to denote the magnifying 

 power in figures or plates. 



! seen by the author : thus Aotus 

 villosa, Sm. !, means that the type 

 specimen, or a specimen ticketed by 

 Smith, has been verified by inspec- 

 tion; if appended to a collector's 

 number, that is verified, as Bur- 

 chell 3641 ! 



• employed in divers senses, as (1) by 

 Linnaeus, De Candolle and others 

 to indicate that a good description 

 or figure will be found at the place 

 cited; (2) when between the speci- 

 fic name and a third appended 

 name, denotes a 8ubsx>ecie8; (3) 

 in an index, shows that the genus, 

 species, or variety, was ostensibly 

 first published at the place indexed. 



f an obscure or doubtful species. 



§ section, the division of a genus. 



= equals, the sign of a synonym. 

 + more or less. 



> greater than, < less than. 



-f for spores whose nuclei are pre- 

 sumably male ; — for spores whose 

 nuclei are presumably female; cf. 



PLUS, MINUS. 



tetrasporangia ; o, used by 



Phillips for cystocarp. 

 o / // Qj, / // /// jjave been used for 



feet, inches, and lines respectively, 

 /i micromillimetre, the one-thou- 

 sandth of a millimetre. 

 The positions of the cotyledons of 

 Cruciferae in the seed are denoted 

 thus: o=, accumbent; o|l, in- 

 cumbent; <<o, conduplicate ; 

 o II II, spirolobous; o || |1 1| for those 

 of the Diplecolobeae. 

 Dates of flowering are sometimes 

 shown in floras by the numbers of 

 the months, either in Roman or 

 Arabic numerals, as IV-VI, or 4-6. 

 A (1) in plan of flower, for 



Androecium; (2) by H. 

 Mueller, used to denote 

 a flower with free honey ; 

 (3) in Mendelian for- 

 mulae = dominant. 

 a = recessive, as in for- 



mula lA : 2Aa : la in a 

 monohybrid cross. 

 AB for a flower with concealed 



honey (H. Mueller). 

 B flower with wholly con- 



cealed nectar (H. Muel- 

 ler), 

 char. character, 



cm. centimetre. 



D.V. dorsiventral (Church), 



fem. feminea, female. 



Fq pure parental type. 



Fi first filial generation; F,, 



second filial generation, 

 etc. 



474 



