CONTENTS 



Introduction page 37 



Acknowledgements 40 



Early records and recent literature 40 



Scope of the observations 48 



Material and data 53 



Methods in the field 53 



Identification of the species 55 



Laboratory methods 56 



Distribution in outline 57 



Physical environment 64 



Pack-ice 64 



Surface temperature 75 



The larval stages 88 



Vertical distribution 88 



The developmental ascent ......... 97 



Deep and shallow horizontal dispersal 99 



Diurnal vertical migration 105 



Some biological implications of the developmental ascent and its influence 



on the distribution and conservation of the euphausian population . 1 1 8 

 The developmental ascent in relation to the local distribution of krill in 



the Ross Sea 123 



The older stages 126 



Economic and ecological importance 126 



Sizes and quantities eaten by baleen whales 138 



Influence on the foetal growth rate of whales 147 



Patchiness 148 



Habits and behaviour 154 



Vertical distribution and migration 157 



Absolute density 170 



Food 172 



Faecal pellets 176 



Spawning and hatching 176 



The act of spawning 176 



Time of spawning 177 



Depth of spawning 178 



Localities of spawning 1 89 



Time of hatching i99 



Depth and localities of hatching 199 



Influence of the sinking shelf water on the liberated eggs . . . 205 



Deep spawning reconsidered ........ 208 



Conclusions and future research 210 



Speed of THE cold bottom WATER 212 



Causes of patchiness 215 



Effect of animal exclusion 216 



Effect of pack-ice 218 



The patches as swarms 219 



Impact of the swarms on the ocean pastures 240 



Happening of the whales ltpon the swarms 241 



Impact of the whales on the swarms 243 



