SYSTEMATIC REPORT 53 



St. 2057. 29. iv. 37 (day). North-east of St Helena, 1450-700 m. Four tubes: (i) 1 juv., 'crimson, anterior part of 



thorax and anterior thoracic legs darker'; (ii) 1 $, 36 mm., 'rich deep scarlet', 1 juv.; (iii) 1 $, 35 mm., 'deep 



scarlet'; (iv) 1 juv. $, 'bright scarlet'. 

 St. 2059. 30. iv. 37 (day). North-north-east of St Helena, 1900-1400 m. Six tubes: (i) 1 $, 36 mm., 'deep scarlet'; 



(ii) 1 imm. <J, 1 imm. ?, both 33 mm., 'deep crimson'; (iii) 1 <J, 4° mm., 'brilliant scarlet'; (iv) 1 $, 34mm., 



'deep scarlet'; (v) 1 6", 37 mm., 'brilliant scarlet'; (vi) 1 juv. $, 23 mm., 3 small juv. 

 St. 2061. 1. v. 37 (day). North-east of Ascension I., 1900-1500 m., 1 adult $, 37 mm., 2 imm. ??, 1 juv. 



Second tube, 1 900-1 500 m., 1 juv. 

 St. 2063. 2. v. 37 (day). North-east of Ascension I., Two hauls: (i) 600-0 m., 1 S, 31 mm., 1 imm. $, 27 mm.; 



(ii) 1150-600 m., 1 ?, 32 mm. (with large empty brood sac). 

 St. 2064. 3. v. 37 (day). Open ocean west of Gulf of Guinea, 1600-1050 m., 1 adult ?, 32 mm. 

 St. 2065. 4. v. 37 (day). South-south-west of Monrovia, 1600-140001., 2 $$, 6 $$, 30-37 mm., 2 juv. $?. (Colour 



note, 'very deep rich purple red; partially translucent'.) 

 St. 2066. 5. v. 37 (day). South of Sierra Leone. Two hauls: (i) 1550-0 m., 1 adult V, 52 mm. (Colour note, 'crimson; 



carapace and mouth parts very deep crimson'), (ii) 1950-1550 m., 1 large adult ? (broken), 2 $$, 30 mm. and 



31 mm., 1 juv. $, 27 mm., 1 small juv. 



Remarks. E. sculpticauda differs so profoundly from all the known species of the genus that, 

 although considerable growth changes do occur after sexual maturity has been attained, there is no 

 difficulty in recognizing it. The anterior region of the carapace is deeply vaulted and produced forward 

 into a definite obtuse triangle ; there is no tooth or spine terminating the unarmed portion of the outer 

 margin of the antennal scale ; the eyes are well developed with the deeply pigmented cornea situated 

 terminally on the eyestalks. It is interesting to note that in the Discovery material, much of which has 

 been preserved for nearly thirty years, the members of this species may be picked out readily from 

 among other species of the genus by the colour of the eyes. The second to the fourth thoracic endopods 

 are much more robust and shorter than in any of the other species and it seems clear that the figures 

 given by Sars (1885 a, pi. x, figs. 14 and 16) for a young female of E. australis were, in fact, taken from 

 an immature female of E. sculpticauda. The most outstanding character of the adults of this species 

 is the shape of the telson and the elaborate sculpturing of its dorsal surface. 



In young animals the telson is similar in shape to that of E. australis, but differs in that the rounded 

 apex and the distal portion of the lateral margins are armed with only 8-10 small regular spines. In 

 addition, the pair of long apical spines, which are present in all the other known species of Eucopia, 

 are lacking. As growth proceeds the surface of the telson becomes raised up into ridges, arranged in 

 a honeycomb pattern in the median region, with radiating ridges running outward to the base of 

 each of the large spines arming the lateral margins. At the same time, a constriction appears just 

 behind the apex and proximal to the insertion of the last pair of large lateral spines. In older animals, 

 a second constriction may develop proximal to the first in the next space between the large marginal 

 spines. The apex of the telson remains evenly rounded and although the spines upon it increase in 

 number to as many as 18-20, they are approximately of equal size. Illig (1930, p. 402) gave a full 

 account with figures of these growth changes. Fage (1942, p. 58) observed that the oostegites in adult 

 females of E. sculpticauda were much longer, more slender and more acutely pointed than in other 

 species of the genus. After a close examination of the very large number of specimens collected by 

 ' Dana ', he found that there were no sexual differences to be found in the form of the antennular 

 peduncle and the antennal scale in this species, but that the sterna of the thoracic somites were armed 

 with long silky hairs, which were quite different in the sexes. In this respect they closely resembled 

 the conditions found in species of Gnathophausia. 



In the Discovery material the specimens are very broken and I have not found a single female 

 carrying eggs or embryos. Small females, only 30-32 mm. in length, which appeared to be adult with 

 large oostegites with well-developed fringes, occurred at stations 281 (32 mm.), 287 (30 mm.), 



