ARCTIC AND ANTARCTIC FAUNAS 23 



Our first insight into the richness of the fauna of the more southerly portions of the 

 area in question was provided by the results of the First French Antarctic Expedition, 

 'Le Francais' (1903-5). Chevreux in his report (1906) recorded nine species already 

 known and 15 new species. Allowing for probable synonymy, I think that 17 of these 

 two dozen species can be admitted as additions to the fauna list. 



In 191 1 Chevreux was able to record two species from the South Sandwich Group, 

 an area which it is seldom possible to visit on account of the pack ice. These two are, in 

 my opinion, synonymous with previously described species and are not reckoned here. 



Ortmann (Princeton University Expedition to Patagonia) in 191 1 described Hyalella 

 patagonia, which may be the same as Cunningham's Allorchestes patagonicus . 



Chevreux's preliminary diagnoses of some of the Amphipods of the Second French 

 Antarctic Expedition, the 'Pourquoi Pas? ' (1908-10), and also Chilton's account of the 

 Amphipods of the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition, ' Scotia', appeared in 1912. 

 Chevreux's full account appeared the following year. These two expeditions added 

 about 24 ('Pourquoi Pas?') and 11 ('Scotia') species to the fauna list. 



The collections of Mr Rupert Vallentin at the Falkland Islands enabled Stebbing 

 (1914) to add ten more species, four of which were new. 



In 19 14 also a pelagic Amphipod originally described from another sector of the 

 Antarctic ( Tauria macrocephala, Dana) was recorded by Shoemaker from South Georgia. 



Finally Monod in his report (1926) on the " Belgica " Amphipods recorded five species 

 from the Magellan Strait area, and seven from about 87 W long. Some of the speci- 

 mens, being juveniles, were not referred to definite species. 



Reckoning these doubtful species, approximately 120 species were thus known when 

 the Discovery Investigations were beginning. 1 



The first two years' cruising of the 'Discovery' and the 'William Scoresby' has re- 

 sulted in doubling the number of species on the fauna list. Approximately 242 species 

 are now known. 



ARCTIC AND ANTARCTIC FAUNAS 



One notable result of the Discovery Investigations has been the finding of further 

 evidence of the similarity of the northern and southern faunas. 



Chevreux (1913) noted 11 families of Gammaridea, and also the Caprellidae, as 

 absent from Antarctic waters. Representatives of four of these families, and of the 

 Caprellidae, were collected by the 'Gauss'. The 'Terra Nova' obtained a Lafystiid. 

 Consequently there are only a few of the smaller families like the Stenothoidae, Cressidae, 

 Anamixidae, Ingolfiellidae, Argissidae, etc., which are not yet known to be represented 

 in the Antarctic fauna. 



Though the ' Discovery ' has not brought back representatives of any known family 

 not previously recorded from Antarctic or sub- Antarctic waters, she has discovered 

 representatives of a new family, Pagetinidae, and a new genus which may also require 



1 Schellenberg's 1931 report on the Swedish Antarctic Expedition material not included. 



