CONTENTS 



Introduction page 127 



Previous work 



Early voyages .... 



Previous scientific observations 



The work of the 'Meteor' Expedition 



Methods used in the 'William Scoresby' 

 Observations and collections . 

 Estimation of salinity and phosphates 

 Estimation of dissolved oxygen 

 Treatment of the plankton samples 



Itineraries .... 

 Survey I (March) . 

 Survey II (September-October) 



Coastal geography and bottom topography 



Meteorology 



Wind systems ..... 



The trade wind ..... 



The coastal winds .... 

 Weather preceding and during the surveys 



Surface-currents 



Previous data ...... 



Currents during the surveys . 



Observed distribution of temperature and salinity 



First survey (autumn) 



Horizontal distribution of temperature and salinity 

 Vertical distribution of temperature and salinity 

 Second survey (spring) ...... 



Horizontal distribution of temperature and salinity 

 Vertical distribution of temperature and salinity . 

 Stability of the water masses 



The water masses 



Water-masses of the South Atlantic 

 Temperature-salinity relationships of the South-west 

 Water masses of the upper layers (0-200 m.) 



Oceanic and coastal surface-water 



Dynamic height anomalies . 



Surface topography 



Topography of the 200 db. surface 

 Water masses at 200-600 m. . 

 The Antarctic Intermediate Water . 



Upwelling 



Previous work on the mechanism of upwelling 



The effect of winds on the South-west African coast 



Observed winds and hydrographical conditions 



The mechanism of upwelling . 



Depths affected by upwelling . 



Centres of upwelling .... 



Influence of the direction of the coastline 



Seasonal variation of upwelling 



African 



waters 



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