OBSERVED DISTRIBUTION OF TEMPERATURE AND SALINITY 159 



defined by a sudden increase in both temperature and salinity (from 18-36° C, 35-01 % to 20-18° C, 

 35-20 % ). 



The bathythermograph observations north of WS 996 show that the Orange river line of stations 

 lay along the southern boundary of an extensive wedge of cool water, WS 955 marking its most westerly 

 limit. To the north of this, typical oceanic temperatures were present at WS 994 and 993 but cooler 

 water was again encountered at WS 992. The contouring of the isotherms shows these high surface- 

 temperatures (WS 994, 993) as a tongue of oceanic water converging with the coast, and the strong 

 temperature gradients on either side of it suggest that it was sharply discontinuous with the sur- 



CAPE FRIO 



20°H 



140 



MO WE POINT 



25- 



CAPE CROSS 



'WALVIS BAY 



\ ' \ UCONCEPCION 



130, „ * Vbl - BAY 



' , 12-5 . '2^| 

 I I I 



, \ v • / 'l V % SYLVIA HILL 



v \U-v ' i2-c5V"' 



14-0 



, CAPE FRIO 



MO WE POINT 



35-20 



CAPE CROSS 



WALVIS BAY 



CONCEPCION 



■■ BAY 



ORANGE 

 R. 



30" 



SYLl'IA HILL 



ORAXGE 

 R. 



\ 1 1 1 1 1 1 



IO°E. 15° I0°E. 



(«) W 



Fig. 10. Distribution of (a) temperature, and (b) salinity at a depth of 100 m., survey I, March 1950. 



rounding cooler water; this is specially noticeable on its northern side, where the temperature fell 

 3-5° C. in about 15 miles at a distance of 60 miles west of Luderitz Bay (27° S.) (see Fig. 9). 



On the next line of stations in 25° S. another such eddy can be defined, but here the oceanic water 

 appeared to extend right in to the coast, causing the cooler water from the south to be displaced 

 seawards. The increase to oceanic temperatures was not evident until WS 986, the westernmost 

 station on the line. It may be that local heating of the surface-waters in the vicinity of station WS 988 

 had complicated the picture here, but the salinity at WS 988 was higher by 0-06 % than at the next 

 station seaward, not only at the surface but throughout the water column. A difference in salinity of 

 this order of magnitude may not be significant in itself, but in conjunction with the temperature data 



