34 DISCOVERY REPORTS 



the Falkland Islands is almost the same and that many Subantarctic and Antarctic species have a very 

 wide distribution. 



Distribution. Subantarctic (Kerguelen; Patagonian Shelf; Falkland Islands); Antarctic (Shag 

 Rocks; South Georgia). 



Aplidium falklandicum sp.n. (Text-fig. 3, A-H; PI. I, figs. 3, 4) 



Holotype. St. WS 73, 121-130 m. Length of colony: 19-0 cm. 



Diagnosis of species. Colonies low, pillow-shaped, globular, or elongate. Systems of zooids oval 

 or elongate. Zooid with atrial languet simple and triangular, or slightly trifid; about seven moderately 

 strong longitudinal muscles ; ten to twenty-three rows of stigmata ; stomach with five to seven shallow 

 longitudinal folds, or a few indistinct marks or quite smooth. Larva with trunk 0-40-0-70 mm. long; 

 papillae closely spaced, with slender stalks ; four narrow median ampullae ; about four pairs of lateral 

 ampullae; a dorsal and a ventral lateral series of small vesicles. 



Occurrence. St. 51: Falkland Islands, 105-115111. St. 53: Falkland Islands, 0-2 m. St. 164: 

 S. Orkneys, 24-36 m. St. 652: Burdwood Bank, 171-169 m. St. 1902: Patagonian Shelf, 50-80 m. 

 St. WS 25 : S. Georgia, 18-27 m - St - WS 27: S. Georgia, 107 m. St. WS 72: Falkland Islands, 95 m. 

 St. WS 73 : Falkland Islands 121-130 m. St. WS 79: Patagonian Shelf, 132-131 m. St. WS 81 : Falk- 

 land Islands, 81-82 m. St. WS 84: Falkland Islands, 75-74111. St. WS 86: Falkland Islands, 151-1471T1. 

 St. WS 90: Patagonian Shelf, 82-81 m. St. WS 91 : Patagonian Shelf, 191-205 m. St. WS 93 : Falk- 

 land Islands, 133-130 m. St. WS 108: Falkland Islands, 1 18-120 m. St. WS 154: S. Georgia, 115-om. 

 St. WS 182: Palmer Archipelago, 750-520 m. St. WS 219: Patagonian Shelf, n6-ii4m. St. WS220: 

 Patagonian Shelf, 108-104 m. St. WS 222: Patagonian Shelf, 100-106 m. St. WS 239: Falkland Islands, 

 196-193 m. St. WS 243: Patagonian Shelf, 144-141 m. St. WS 244: Patagonian Shelf, 253-247 m. 

 St. WS 764: Patagonian Shelf, 1 10-104 m - St. WS 765: Patagonian Shelf, 11 3-1 19 m. St. WS 771 : 

 Patagonian Shelf, 90 m. St. WS 774: Patagonian Shelf, 139-144 m. St. WS 775: Patagonian Shelf, 

 115-110 m. St. WS 782: Patagonian Shelf, 141-146 m. St. WS 787: Patagonian Shelf, 106-110 m. 

 St. WS791: Patagonian Shelf, 97-95 m. St. WS792: Patagonian Shelf, 102-106 m. St. WS793: 

 Patagonian Shelf, 108-111 m. St. WS 796: Patagonian Shelf, 106-113 m. St. WS 807: Patagonian 

 Shelf, 124-126 m. St. WS813: Patagonian Shelf, 106-102 m. St. WS847: Patagonian Shelf, 57- 

 84 m. St. WS 858: Patagonian Shelf, 132-123 m. St WS 865: Patagonian Shelf, 126-128 m. 



Colony. (Text-fig. 3 A; PI. I, figs. 3, 4.) Colonies vary from low dome-shaped or globular, to 

 ovoid, long or tongue-like masses and often attain a diameter of 6-8 cm. Generally the colony is 

 simple but is occasionally divided into a few lobes. Attachment is sometimes by a broad base, but 

 often by a narrow area, and occasionally a short pedicel is formed. The surface is usually smooth, but 

 sand is sometimes present, especially at the base. Preserved specimens are pale yellow-grey to buff, 

 and a pattern may be formed by the systems of zooids showing through the semi-transparent test. 

 The common cloacal openings are many, small and round. The largest colonies in the collection are 

 about 20 cm. long. In a few specimens there is no apparent place of attachment, and these colonies 

 may have rested freely on the bottom, but most specimens were attached to shells or small stones. 



Zoom (Text-figs. 3B, C, E). In well-developed and expanded zooids the thorax is 1-8-3-0 mm. 

 in length. The abdomen is about the same length or slightly shorter. The post-abdomen varies 

 greatly in length, often exceeds 6 mm. and sometimes reaches 20 mm. (Text-fig. 3 B). The thorax is 

 the widest part of the zooid and the post-abdomen the narrowest but the differences in width are 

 slight. 



Thorax. There are six pointed oral lobes, and the atrial opening, which lies opposite the first or 

 second row of stigmata, is surmounted by a short triangular simple, or slightly trifid languet (a.l.). Six 



