ZOOGEOGRAPHY 227 



The records of adult T. carpenteri [Text-figs. 28 (except St. WS 141) and 29] confirm the known 

 distribution of the species; it has never been reported north of the Antarctic Convergence, 1 and is 

 widely distributed in the Antarctic Surface Water and occurs also in the Warm Deep Water. 



Juvenile specimens of T. carpenteri were collected only around South Georgia [Text-fig. 28 at 

 St. WS 141 and Text-fig. 30, Appendix I (Tables a and b)] in January, February and March, at all 

 depths from 750 m. to the surface. Although the N 70 nets were hauled extensively on the Greenwich 

 Meridian and in the South Sandwich Surveys, juvenile T. carpenteri were never collected in either 

 area. There can be little doubt that if juvenile T. carpenteri had occurred about the Greenwich 



• W56I 



• WS60 



• WSS9 



• WS 194 



I-WS 143 



Fig. 29 Fi 8- 3° 



Text-figs. 29 and 30. Occurrence of Tomopteris carpenteri round South Georgia. Fig. 29. Adults. Fig. 30. Juveniles. 



Meridian, they would have been picked up by the N 70 V nets, because specimens of T. planktonis 

 and T. septentrionalis within the same size range were collected there and also round South Georgia. 

 However, the numerous records of 'Tomopteris unidentifiable' listed in Appendix I from South 

 Georgia and the o° Line must be considered. I do not regard any of these as young T. carpenteri, but 

 they are listed as unidentifiable because I cannot decide if they are T. septentrionalis or T. planktonis? 

 The principal diagnostic characters of these last two species (the diffuse chromophil and hyaline 

 glands), have been destroyed in all the specimens not identified. In juvenile T. carpenteri how- 

 ever, the hyaline gland is dorsal on the parapodial pinnule and has escaped destruction affecting 

 the apical region. I suggest that T. carpenteri may breed around South Georgia but not in the 



open ocean. 



Previous records. Juvenile specimens of T. carpenteri have previously been collected only by the 

 'Norwegica' but not from the Atlantic Ocean, Stop-Bowitz (1949) reporting three specimens from 

 the Pacific at 67° 30' S., 91° 33' W., 50-0 m., and 66° 48' S., 79° 56' W., 100-50 m. Monro (1930) 

 recorded eleven juvenile specimens from seven Marine Station shallow hauls made in Cumberland 

 Bay South Georgia, as either T. carpenteri or T. planktonis. I have examined them and find them all 

 to be carpenteri. Considering the large collections which have been made in the Antarctic Zone of 



1 Except by Mcintosh (1925); as noted on p. 175 this record is probably T. nisseni. 



* Theoretically it is possible that there are also several other species of the same size range including T. cavalh (see pp. 1 73 - 1 74)- 



9-2 



