SYSTEMATIC AND BIOLOGICAL ACCOUNT 101 



Nomenclature. Blainville (1830) named one species of Galeolaria (preoccupied, renamed Galetta) 

 australis without any indication as to its identity, except references to three names that were only 

 manuscript names in 1830. Blainville's generic description of Galeolaria refers to fairly firm gela- 

 tinous, regularly and bilaterally symmetrical, subpolygonal or oval animals that have a large posterior 

 ostium; a velum and a two-winged subostial lamella; a muscular subumbrella occupying much space 

 inside; and a stem, borne on the anterior-superior face that issues from a bilabiate hydroecium. 

 Various authors have since used the name australis for at least three separate species, Diphyes biloba 

 Sars, 1846, G. turgida (Gegenbaur), 1853, G. chuni Lens & van Riemsdijk, 1908, and a new one to 

 which I give (p. 108) the name Sulculeolaria angusta sp.n. 



We are, however, faced with an insuperable difficulty in the use of the name Galetta Stechow, 1921 

 (nom.nov. for Galeolaria Blainville, 1830, preoccupied Lamarck, 1818), for any of these species. 



One legalistic solution of the whole problem is as follows : The ' specific ' names cited by Blainville 

 under Galeolaria in 1830 were all manuscript names. Opinion 46, rendered by the International 

 Commission on Zoological nomenclature, seems to be applicable here, and we have to ask ourselves 

 what is 'the first species published in connexion with the genus' after 1830; for it will be this species 

 that becomes ipso facto the type species of Galetta Stechow, 1921. The answer is: 



(1) Galeolaria australis Quoy & Gaimard, 1833. But this is specifically indeterminable, as I will 

 show on pp. 101-4, and therefore to be rejected. 



(2) G. qiiadridentata Quoy & Gaimard, 1833. So that if we reject G. australis on the grounds 

 that it is specifically indeterminable, G. qiiadridentata Quoy & Gaimard, 1833 becomes the type 

 species of Galeolaria Blainville, 1830 (preocc, =Galetta Stechow, 1921). 



But since I shall show (p. 109) that zoologically G. qiiadridentata Q. & G. 1833 is the same species as 

 Sulculeolaria quadrivalvis Blainville 1834, 1 and since this species S. quadrivalvis Blainville, 1834, is, 

 as I showed in 1932, the type species of Sulculeolaria Blainville, 1830, by virtue of opinion 46, Inter- 

 national Rules of Nomenclature, it follows that Galetta Stechow, 1921, becomes a synonym of 

 Sulculeolaria Blainville, 1830. 



Zoology. From a zoological point of view this may be a good thing, for Sulculeolaria has been used 

 lately for those species which have teeth round the ostium of the anterior nectophore, and Galetta 

 for those that have none. But I shall show (p. no) that sometimes Sulculeolaria quadrivalvis has no 

 teeth; and my Text-fig. 50 A, B, D shows that Sulculeolaria [Galetta] biloba has a peak on the 

 dorsal side of the ostium, which really represents undivided dorsal teeth. 



What generic name is the working systematist to use? I dislike upsetting the involved synonymy 

 of siphonophores again, but regret that I must follow the logical course of using the name Sulculeolaria 

 Blainville, 1830, for all the species, whether toothed or not. The subfamily will have to be renamed 

 Sulculeolariinae. 



I hope that systematists in future will find that the identification and naming of Sulculeolariine 

 Diphyids is fairly easy. It certainly has not been so in the past. The next reviewer of the genus will 

 have a sounder basis from which to start. 



'Galetta australis' 



G. australis Bigelow, 191 ib ( = 'G.' biloba Sars, 1846). 



G. australis Bigelow & Sears, 1937 ( = 'C turgida Gegenbaur). 



'G. australis' auct. refers to several distinct species. More work is needed to confirm my views on 

 how many are represented, and what is their morphology. Quoy & Gaimard's original ' Astrolabe ' 



1 The S. quadrivalvis cited by Blainville in 1830 is only a manuscript name. Figures of it were published by Blainville in 

 1834, at which date it becomes a valid specific name. 



