GRAYLING. 203 



ling, found by Captain Franklin and his com- 

 panions in North America, and distinguished 

 by a much larger back fin. Having travelled 

 with the fishing-rod in my hand through 

 most of the Alpine valleys in the south and 

 east of Europe, and some of those in Nor- 

 way and Sweden, I have always found the 

 char in the coldest and highest waters ; the 

 trout, in the brooks rising in the highest and 

 coldest mountains ; and the grayling always 

 lower, where the temperature was milder: 

 and if in hot countries, only at the foot of 

 mountains, not far from sources which had 

 the mean temperature of the atmosphere, — 

 as in the Vipacco, near Coritzia, and in the 

 streams which gush forth from the limestone 

 caverns of the Noric Alps. Besides temper- 

 ature, grayling require a peculiar character in 

 the clisposition of the water of rivers. They 

 do not dwell, like trout, in rapid shallow tor- 

 rents ; nor, like char or chub, in deep pools 

 or lakes. They require a combination of 

 stream and pool ; they like a deep still pool 

 for rest, and a rapid stream above, and a gra- 

 dually declining shallow below, and a bottom 



