237 



CHAR. 

 1. British Char, Phite IX, fig. 1 and 2. 



Umhla minor, Gcsncr, p. 1201 ; Willoughby, p. 196, t. N. 7 ; Ray, p. G5. Salmo 

 Lemani lacus seu Umhla, Rondel, ii, p. IGO ; Willoughby, p. 107, t. N. 5 ; Ray, 

 p. GG (Gilt charre). Charr, Pennant, Brit. Zool. (Ed. 1770), iii, 305, pi. Ix and 

 (Ed. 1812) iii, p. 407, pi. Ixi ; Low, Fauna Oread, p. 23i. 



Salmo alpimis, Linn. Faun. Succ. p. 117, no. 310, Syst. Nat. i, p. 510 ; Gmel. 

 Linn. p. 1370; Bonn. Enc. Ich. p. 1G2, pi. Ixvii, f . 272 ; Nilss. Skand. Faun. Fisk. 

 p. 42G ; Jardine, Brit. Ass. vol. iv, p. 61 i ; Giinther, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1863, p. 8 

 and Catal. vi, p. 127 ; Collett, Norges Fiske, p. 160 ; Day, Brit, and Irish Fish, ii, 

 p. 112, pi. cxA-ii, f. 1. 



Salmo umhla, Linn. Syst. Nat. p. 511; Bloch, t. ci ; Gmel. Linn. p. 1371; 

 Bonn. Enc. Ich. p. 164. ; Jurine, Poiss. Lac Leman, pi. v ; Agassiz, Poiss. d'eau 

 douce, pi. ix, x and xi ; Cuv. and Val. xxi, p. 233 ; Parnell, Mem. Wern. Soc. vii, 

 p. 308 and Fish. Firth of Forth, p. 148; White, Catal. Brit. Fish. p. 78; 

 Thompson, Nat. Hist. Ii-eland, iv, p. 160 ; Heckel and Knerr Susswasscrf. p. 285 ; 

 Giinther, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1862, p. 39 and Catal. vi, p. 125 ; Moreau, Poiss. France, 

 iii, p. 530, f. 207. 



Salmo salvelinus, Linn. Syst. Nat. p. 511 ; Bloch, t. xcix ; Gmel. Lmn. p. 1370 ; 

 Bonnaterre, Ency. Ich. p. 162, pi. Ixvii, f. 273; Cuv. and Val. xxi, p. 246; 

 Yarrell, Brit. Fish. (Ed. 3), i, p. 241 ; Giinther, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1862, p. 38, 1863, 

 p. 7 and Catal. vi, p. 126 ; Blanchard, Poiss. France, p. 444, f. 115. 



Alpine charr, Couch, Fish. Brit. Isles, iv, p. 272, pi. ccxxvi. 



Salvelinus alpinus. Malm, Bohusliius Fauna, p. 540.* 



Variety. ToRGOCH OR Welsh CnAR.f 



To ?-(70c/i, Willoughby, p. 196. Umhla minor, Gesner ; Farrington, Phil. Trans. Roy. 

 Soc. 1755, p. 210. Torgoch, Pennant, Brit. Zool. 1. c. ; Bed Gharre or Torgoch, Ray, 1. c. 



Salmo salvelinus, Donovan, Brit. Fish, v, pi. cxii ; Turton, p. 104; Jenyns, 

 Brit. Vert. p. 428 ; Yarrell, Brit. Fish. (ed. 1), ii, p. 70, c. fig. (ed. 2), ii, p. 121. 



Salmo umhla, Jenyns, p. 427. 



Salmo camhricus, Giinther, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1862, p. 49, pi. vi (not Donovan). 



Salmo ijerisii, Gunther, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1865, xv, p. 75, and Catal. 

 vi, p. 133 ; Houghton, British Fresh-water Fishes, p. 141, c. fig. ; Day, Brit, and 

 Irish Fish, ii, p. 112, pi. cxix, f. 2. 



Torgoch, Couch, Fish. Brit. Isles, iv, p. 264, pi. ccxxiii. 



Variety. Windermere Char. J Plate IX, fig. 2 and 3. 

 Charr of Windermere, Willough. 1. c. ; Case charr. Pennant, 1. c. and Ray, 1. c. 

 Salmo alpimos, Donovan, Brit. Fish. pi. Ixi; Turton, Brit. Fauna, p. 104; 

 Fleming, Brit. An. p. 180. 



* Wliile this work was going through the press I received a copy of Dr. F. A. Smith's mag- 

 nificent monograph on Salmonidse (Till kongl. Vet. Akacl. Inlemnad den Jan. 14th, 188G), m which 

 the text, the elaborate tables of measurements, and the beautiful plates are worthy of great praise. 



t D. 12-13 (=-/) I 0, P. 12, V. 9, A. 11-12 (^^^), C. 21, L. 1. 125-135, Vert. 61, Ciec. pyl. 3G. 



This form has* moderately-sized teeth, pectoral fin extending more than half way to the base 

 of the ventral. It is said to have 170 rows of scales descending to the lateral-line, and to be a 

 smaller form than the char of Windermere. Numerous red spots on its sides, belly red in the 

 adult: pectoral, ventral and anal fins with white upper and anterior edges. Name—Toi^Qch in 

 Welsh signifies tor, " a belly," and goch, " red." It issaid to emerge from the depth of the lakes 

 seeking the shallow^s for a short period in winter. It rises to a fly. •, „^ ^ - 



X D. 12-13 ( VrO I 0, P. 13-14, V. 9-10, A. 11-12 (^^^), C. 19, L. 1. 126, Vert. 59-62, Cffic. pyl. 28-44. 



Teeth— oi moderate strength, 4 in each premaxillary ; 20 in each maxillary. Fjhs— pectoral 

 reaches more than half-way to the root of the ventral. Colours— sides with red dots: belly red : 

 pectoral, ventral and anal with white margins. Scales— Ixova. 118 to 128 along the lateral-line, 

 and a larger number (180) have been recorded in rows descending to it. In an example 7-2 

 inches long, from Windermere, there were 10 finger marks on the left side and 11 onthe right. 

 Vertebrte 60 -f x, and 13 gill-rakers on the outer branch of the lower branchial arch ; in the two 

 males figured one had 33, the other 42 Cffical appendages. 



